-hk SrSSKrSSKrSSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJ r SS KJ r SS KJ r SS K J r SS K Jr SS KJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJr SSKJ r SSKJ!r! SSKJ"r" SS KJ#r# SS!K$J%r% SS"K$J&r& SS#K$J'r' SS$K$J(r( SS%K$J)r) SS&K$J*r* SS'K$J+r+ SS(K$J,r, SS)K$J-r- SS*K$J.r. SS+K$J/r/ SS,K$J0r0 SS-K J1r1 S.S/KJ2r2 S.S0KJ3r3 S.S1K4J5r5 "S2S3\'5r6\3Rn"S4S55S65r8"S7S8\Rr\)5r:"S9S:\:5r;"S;S<\<5r="S=S>\<5r>"S?S@\<5r?"SASB\R\;5rA\3R"SCSD5rC\3R"SESF5rD\3R"SGSH5rE\ErF"SISJ\R\A5rH"SKSL\<5rI"SMSN\I\A5rJ"SOSP\R\J5rK"SQSR\K5rL"SSST\J5rM"SUSV\J5rN"SWSX\R\R\\=\>\J5rP"SYSZ\R5rR"S[S\\J5rS"S]S^\,\A5rT"S_S`\R\!\A5rU"SaSb\)5rV"ScSd\\A5rW"SeSf\R\R\R\R\R\\\;5 r\"SgSh\,\\5r]"SiSj\<5r^"SkSl\^\\5r_\R"SmSn5"SoSp\55ra"SqSr\\_5rb"SsSt\<5rc\R"SmSu5"SvSw\3R\55re"SxSy\<5rf"SzS{\ R\ R\ R5rj"S|S}\=\>\?\\c\f\_5 rk"S~S\R\\-5rl"SS\05rm"SS\\5rn\nro"SS\ 5rpg)ztThe :class:`_expression.FromClause` class of SQL expression elements, representing SQL tables and derived rowsets. N) attrgetter) coercions) operators)roles) traversals)type_api)visitors) Annotated)SupportsCloneAnnotations)_clone)_cloned_difference)_cloned_intersection)_entity_namespace_key)_expand_cloned _from_objects) _generative)_select_iterables)CacheableOptions)ColumnCollection) ColumnSet) CompileState)DedupeColumnCollection) Executable) Generative)HasCompileState) HasMemoized) Immutable)prefix_anon_map)_document_text_coercion)_anonymous_label)and_) BindParameter)BooleanClauseList) ClauseElement) ClauseList) ColumnClause)GroupedElement)Grouping)literal_column)TableValuedColumn)UnaryExpression)InternalTraversal)exc)util)inspectc(\rSrSrSr\S5rSrg)_OffsetLimitParam@TcUR$N)effective_valueselfs nC:\Users\ROHAN GUPTA\OneDrive\Desktop\mathbuddy-assessment\venv\Lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy/sql/selectable.py_limit_offset_value%_OffsetLimitParam._limit_offset_valueCs###N)__name__ __module__ __qualname____firstlineno__ inherit_cachepropertyr<__static_attributes__r?r>r;r4r4@sM $$r>r41.4zzThe standalone :func:`.subquery` function is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use select().subquery().cL[R"U0UD6RU5$)zReturn an :class:`.Subquery` object derived from a :class:`_expression.Select`. :param alias: the alias name for the subquery :param \*args, \**kwargs: all other arguments are passed through to the :func:`_expression.select` function. )Selectcreate_legacy_selectsubquery)aliasargskwargss r;rKrKHs%  & & 7 7 @ @ GGr>cX\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSr\ S5r \ S5r \ S5r Sr g ) ReturnsRowsZaThe base-most class for Core constructs that have some concept of columns that can represent rows. While the SELECT statement and TABLE are the primary things we think of in this category, DML like INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE can also specify RETURNING which means they can be used in CTEs and other forms, and PostgreSQL has functions that return rows also. .. versionadded:: 1.4 TFcU$r7r?r9s r; selectableReturnsRows.selectablens r>c[5e)aA sequence of column expression objects that represents the "selected" columns of this :class:`_expression.ReturnsRows`. This is typically equivalent to .exported_columns except it is delivered in the form of a straight sequence and not keyed :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection`. NotImplementedErrorr9s r;_all_selected_columns!ReturnsRows._all_selected_columnsrs "##r>c[5e)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` that represents the "exported" columns of this :class:`_expression.ReturnsRows`. The "exported" columns represent the collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` expressions that are rendered by this SQL construct. There are primary varieties which are the "FROM clause columns" of a FROM clause, such as a table, join, or subquery, the "SELECTed columns", which are the columns in the "columns clause" of a SELECT statement, and the RETURNING columns in a DML statement.. .. versionadded:: 1.4 .. seealso:: :attr:`_expression.FromClause.exported_columns` :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.exported_columns` rVr9s r;exported_columnsReturnsRows.exported_columns~s 0"##r>r?N)r@rArBrC__doc___is_returns_rows_is_from_clause_is_select_statement _is_lateralrErSrXr[rFr?r>r;rPrPZs[ O K  $ $$$r>rPc\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSSjr\ R"SS S 9\ R"S 5S 55r SS jr Srg) Selectablez!Mark a class as being selectable.rSTc[5er7rVr:columns r;_refresh_for_new_column"Selectable._refresh_for_new_column !##r>Nc,[RX5$a*Return a LATERAL alias of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`. The return value is the :class:`_expression.Lateral` construct also provided by the top-level :func:`_expression.lateral` function. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_lateral_correlation` - overview of usage. )Lateral _constructr:names r;lateralSelectable.laterals!!$--r>rGzThe :meth:`.Selectable.replace_selectable` method is deprecated, and will be removed in a future release. Similar functionality is available via the sqlalchemy.sql.visitors module.)messagesqlalchemy.sql.utilcr[RRRU5R U5$)zReplace all occurrences of :class:`_expression.FromClause` 'old' with the given :class:`_expression.Alias` object, returning a copy of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. )r1 preloadedsql_util ClauseAdaptertraverse)r:oldrLs r;replace_selectableSelectable.replace_selectables*~~&&44U;DDTJJr>c8URRX5$)aGiven a :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`, return the exported :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` object from the :attr:`_expression.Selectable.exported_columns` collection of this :class:`_expression.Selectable` which corresponds to that original :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` via a common ancestor column. :param column: the target :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` to be matched. :param require_embedded: only return corresponding columns for the given :class:`_expression.ColumnElement`, if the given :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` is actually present within a sub-element of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`. Normally the column will match if it merely shares a common ancestor with one of the exported columns of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`. .. seealso:: :attr:`_expression.Selectable.exported_columns` - the :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` that is used for the operation. :meth:`_expression.ColumnCollection.corresponding_column` - implementation method. )r[corresponding_column)r:rgrequire_embeddeds r;r~Selectable.corresponding_columns!B$$99   r>r?r7F)r@rArBrCr]__visit_name__ is_selectablerhrqr1 deprecatedpreload_moduler{r~rFr?r>r;rcrcs\+!NM$ . __ M  ./K0 K# r>rccj\rSrSrSrS\R 4/r\\ "SSS5S55r S S jr S r g) HasPrefixesr? _prefixesexprz+:meth:`_expression.HasPrefixes.prefix_with`z*:paramref:`.HasPrefixes.prefix_with.*expr`cURSS5nU(a([R"SSRU5-5eUR X5 g)a)Add one or more expressions following the statement keyword, i.e. SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. Generative. This is used to support backend-specific prefix keywords such as those provided by MySQL. E.g.:: stmt = table.insert().prefix_with("LOW_PRIORITY", dialect="mysql") # MySQL 5.7 optimizer hints stmt = select(table).prefix_with( "/*+ BKA(t1) */", dialect="mysql") Multiple prefixes can be specified by multiple calls to :meth:`_expression.HasPrefixes.prefix_with`. :param \*expr: textual or :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` construct which will be rendered following the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE keyword. :param \**kw: A single keyword 'dialect' is accepted. This is an optional string dialect name which will limit rendering of this prefix to only that dialect. dialectNUnsupported argument(s): %s,)popr0 ArgumentErrorjoin_setup_prefixesr:rkwrs r; prefix_withHasPrefixes.prefix_withsKB&&D) ##- <  T+r>Nc UR[UVs/sH*n[R"[R U5U4PM, sn5-Ulgs snfr7)rtuplerexpectrStatementOptionRole)r:prefixesrps r;rHasPrefixes._setup_prefixesS%" !A!!%";";Q?I! +   1A )rr7) r@rArBrCrr.dp_prefix_sequence _has_prefixes_traverse_internalsrr!rrrFr?r>r;rrsPI '::;($54 ,  ,D r>rcj\rSrSrSrS\R 4/r\\ "SSS5S55r S S jr S r g) HasSuffixesir? _suffixesrz+:meth:`_expression.HasSuffixes.suffix_with`z*:paramref:`.HasSuffixes.suffix_with.*expr`cURSS5nU(a([R"SSRU5-5eUR X5 g)aAdd one or more expressions following the statement as a whole. This is used to support backend-specific suffix keywords on certain constructs. E.g.:: stmt = select(col1, col2).cte().suffix_with( "cycle empno set y_cycle to 1 default 0", dialect="oracle") Multiple suffixes can be specified by multiple calls to :meth:`_expression.HasSuffixes.suffix_with`. :param \*expr: textual or :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` construct which will be rendered following the target clause. :param \**kw: A single keyword 'dialect' is accepted. This is an optional string dialect name which will limit rendering of this suffix to only that dialect. rNrr)rr0rr_setup_suffixesrs r; suffix_withHasSuffixes.suffix_with&sJ8&&D) ##- <  T+r>Nc UR[UVs/sH*n[R"[R U5U4PM, sn5-Ulgs snfr7)rrrrrr)r:suffixesrrs r;rHasSuffixes._setup_suffixesIrr)rr7) r@rArBrCrr.r _has_suffixes_traverse_internalsrr!rrrFr?r>r;rrsOI '::;($54 ,  ,: r>rc\rSrSr\R "5rSrS\R4S\R4/r S Sjr \ S Sj5rSrg) HasHintsiRr?_statement_hints_hintsc&URSX5$)aAdd a statement hint to this :class:`_expression.Select` or other selectable object. This method is similar to :meth:`_expression.Select.with_hint` except that it does not require an individual table, and instead applies to the statement as a whole. Hints here are specific to the backend database and may include directives such as isolation levels, file directives, fetch directives, etc. .. versionadded:: 1.0.0 .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.with_hint` :meth:`_expression.Select.prefix_with` - generic SELECT prefixing which also can suit some database-specific HINT syntaxes such as MySQL optimizer hints N) with_hint)r:text dialect_names r;with_statement_hintHasHints.with_statement_hint[s0~~dD77r>cUcU=RX244- slgURR[R"[ R U5U4U05Ulg)a>Add an indexing or other executional context hint for the given selectable to this :class:`_expression.Select` or other selectable object. The text of the hint is rendered in the appropriate location for the database backend in use, relative to the given :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`_expression.Alias` passed as the ``selectable`` argument. The dialect implementation typically uses Python string substitution syntax with the token ``%(name)s`` to render the name of the table or alias. E.g. when using Oracle, the following:: select(mytable).\ with_hint(mytable, "index(%(name)s ix_mytable)") Would render SQL as:: select /*+ index(mytable ix_mytable) */ ... from mytable The ``dialect_name`` option will limit the rendering of a particular hint to a particular backend. Such as, to add hints for both Oracle and Sybase simultaneously:: select(mytable).\ with_hint(mytable, "index(%(name)s ix_mytable)", 'oracle').\ with_hint(mytable, "WITH INDEX ix_mytable", 'sybase') .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.with_statement_hint` N)rrunionrrrFromClauseRole)r:rSrrs r;rHasHints.with_hintusbH    ! !|&:%< < !++++"(()=)=zJ$ DKr>)rN)*)r@rArBrCr1 immutabledictrrr.dp_statement_hint_listdp_table_hint_list_has_hints_traverse_internalsrrrrFr?r>r;rrRsW    !F .EEF $778%! 84--r>rc\rSrSrSrSrSr/rSrSr Sr Sr Sr \ R"SSS 9S$S j5rS%S jrS&S jrS&S jr\ R&"S5S5rS'SjrSrSr\S5rSr\S5r\ R8S5r\S5r\ R8S5r\ R8S5r Sr!\"\""S5SS9r#\"\""S55r$Sr%\S5r&S r'S!r(S&S"jr)S#r*g)( FromClauseia Represent an element that can be used within the ``FROM`` clause of a ``SELECT`` statement. The most common forms of :class:`_expression.FromClause` are the :class:`_schema.Table` and the :func:`_expression.select` constructs. Key features common to all :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects include: * a :attr:`.c` collection, which provides per-name access to a collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects. * a :attr:`.primary_key` attribute, which is a collection of all those :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects that indicate the ``primary_key`` flag. * Methods to generate various derivations of a "from" clause, including :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join`, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.select`. fromclauseFNT)2.0zThe :paramref:`_sql.FromClause.select().whereclause` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0. Please make use of the :meth:`.Select.where` method to add WHERE criteria to the SELECT statement.)rzThe :meth:`_sql.FromClause.select` method will no longer accept keyword arguments in version 2.0. Please use generative methods from the :class:`_sql.Select` construct in order to apply additional modifications. whereclauserNc @UbXS'[R"X/40UD6$)aReturn a SELECT of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. e.g.:: stmt = some_table.select().where(some_table.c.id == 5) :param whereclause: a WHERE clause, equivalent to calling the :meth:`_sql.Select.where` method. :param \**kwargs: additional keyword arguments are passed to the legacy constructor for :class:`_sql.Select` described at :meth:`_sql.Select.create_legacy_select`. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.select` - general purpose method which allows for arbitrary column lists. rrI_create_select_from_fromclauser:rrNs r;selectFromClause.selects+N  "$/= !44T6LVLLr>c[XX#U5$)aReturn a :class:`_expression.Join` from this :class:`_expression.FromClause` to another :class:`FromClause`. E.g.:: from sqlalchemy import join j = user_table.join(address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id) stmt = select(user_table).select_from(j) would emit SQL along the lines of:: SELECT user.id, user.name FROM user JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id :param right: the right side of the join; this is any :class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a :class:`_schema.Table` object, and may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped class. :param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` will attempt to join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship. :param isouter: if True, render a LEFT OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN. :param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of LEFT OUTER JOIN. Implies :paramref:`.FromClause.join.isouter`. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.join` - standalone function :class:`_expression.Join` - the type of object produced Join)r:rightonclauseisouterfulls r;rFromClause.joinsXDD99r>c[XUSU5$)a+Return a :class:`_expression.Join` from this :class:`_expression.FromClause` to another :class:`FromClause`, with the "isouter" flag set to True. E.g.:: from sqlalchemy import outerjoin j = user_table.outerjoin(address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id) The above is equivalent to:: j = user_table.join( address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id, isouter=True) :param right: the right side of the join; this is any :class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a :class:`_schema.Table` object, and may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped class. :param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` will attempt to join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship. :param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of LEFT OUTER JOIN. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` :class:`_expression.Join` Tr)r:rrrs r; outerjoinFromClause.outerjoin'sXD466r>c,[RX5$)a,Return an alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. E.g.:: a2 = some_table.alias('a2') The above code creates an :class:`_expression.Alias` object which can be used as a FROM clause in any SELECT statement. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_using_aliases` :func:`_expression.alias` )Aliasrnr:rpflats r;rLFromClause.aliasUs&++r>zsqlalchemy.sql.sqltypesc6[U[R5$)aReturn a :class:`_sql.TableValuedColumn` object for this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. A :class:`_sql.TableValuedColumn` is a :class:`_sql.ColumnElement` that represents a complete row in a table. Support for this construct is backend dependent, and is supported in various forms by backends such as PostgreSQL, Oracle and SQL Server. E.g.:: >>> from sqlalchemy import select, column, func, table >>> a = table("a", column("id"), column("x"), column("y")) >>> stmt = select(func.row_to_json(a.table_valued())) >>> print(stmt) SELECT row_to_json(a) AS row_to_json_1 FROM a .. versionadded:: 1.4.0b2 .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_functions` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` )r,r TABLEVALUEr9s r; table_valuedFromClause.table_valuedjs4!x':':;;r>c.[RXX#5$)a>Return a TABLESAMPLE alias of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. The return value is the :class:`_expression.TableSample` construct also provided by the top-level :func:`_expression.tablesample` function. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.tablesample` - usage guidelines and parameters ) TableSamplern)r:samplingrpseeds r; tablesampleFromClause.tablesamples%%ddAAr>cXR;$)zReturn ``True`` if this :class:`_expression.FromClause` is 'derived' from the given ``FromClause``. An example would be an Alias of a Table is derived from that Table. ) _cloned_setr:rs r;is_derived_fromFromClause.is_derived_froms----r>cLURRUR5$)zReturn ``True`` if this :class:`_expression.FromClause` and the other represent the same lexical identity. This tests if either one is a copy of the other, or if they are the same via annotation identity. )r intersectionr:others r;_is_lexical_equivalent!FromClause._is_lexical_equivalents!,,U->->??r>cJ[USURRS-5$)zlA brief description of this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. Used primarily for error message formatting. rpz object)getattr __class__r@r9s r; descriptionFromClause.descriptions"tVT^^%<%cd^TRRU4SjUR55 g)Nc3D># UHoRT5v M g7fr7 _make_proxy).0colrs r; AFromClause._generate_fromclause_column_proxies..s4 39COOJ ' '6 )_columns_populate_separate_keyscrs `r;#_generate_fromclause_column_proxies.FromClause._generate_fromclause_column_proxiess(334 37664  r>cUR$)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` that represents the "exported" columns of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`. The "exported" columns for a :class:`_expression.FromClause` object are synonymous with the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.columns` collection. .. versionadded:: 1.4 .. seealso:: :attr:`_expression.Selectable.exported_columns` :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.exported_columns` columnsr9s r;r[FromClause.exported_columnss(||r>cSUR;a UR5 UR5 URR 5$)a~A named-based collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects maintained by this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. The :attr:`.columns`, or :attr:`.c` collection, is the gateway to the construction of SQL expressions using table-bound or other selectable-bound columns:: select(mytable).where(mytable.c.somecolumn == 5) :return: a :class:`.ColumnCollection` object. r)__dict___init_collections_populate_column_collectionr as_immutabler9s r;rFromClause.columnss; T]] *  " " $  , , .}}))++r>cUR$)a_Return a namespace used for name-based access in SQL expressions. This is the namespace that is used to resolve "filter_by()" type expressions, such as:: stmt.filter_by(address='some address') It defaults to the ``.c`` collection, however internally it can be overridden using the "entity_namespace" annotation to deliver alternative results. rr9s r;entity_namespaceFromClause.entity_namespaces||r>cZUR5 UR5 UR$)aHReturn the iterable collection of :class:`_schema.Column` objects which comprise the primary key of this :class:`_selectable.FromClause`. For a :class:`_schema.Table` object, this collection is represented by the :class:`_schema.PrimaryKeyConstraint` which itself is an iterable collection of :class:`_schema.Column` objects. )r r  primary_keyr9s r;rFromClause.primary_keys(   ((*r>cZUR5 UR5 UR$)aReturn the collection of :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` marker objects which this FromClause references. Each :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` is a member of a :class:`_schema.Table`-wide :class:`_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint`. .. seealso:: :attr:`_schema.Table.foreign_key_constraints` )r r  foreign_keysr9s r;rFromClause.foreign_keyss(   ((*   r>cNSHnURRUS5 M! g)aReset the attributes linked to the ``FromClause.c`` attribute. This collection is separate from all the other memoized things as it has shown to be sensitive to being cleared out in situations where enclosing code, typically in a replacement traversal scenario, has already established strong relationships with the exported columns. The collection is cleared for the case where a table is having a column added to it as well as within a Join during copy internals. )rrrrN)r r)r:keys r;_reset_column_collection#FromClause._reset_column_collections$JC MM  c4 (Jr>ra< A named-based collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects maintained by this :class:`_expression.FromClause`. The :attr:`_sql.FromClause.c` attribute is an alias for the :attr:`_sql.FromClause.columns` attribute. :return: a :class:`.ColumnCollection` )doccSUR;deSUR;deSUR;de[5Ul[5Ul[ 5Ulg)Nrrr)r rrrrsetrr9s r;r FromClause._init_collections4sV...DMM111T]]222(* $;Er>c SUR;$)Nr)r r9s r;_cols_populatedFromClause._cols_populated=sT]]**r>cg)zCalled on subclasses to establish the .c collection. Each implementation has a different way of establishing this collection. Nr?r9s r;r &FromClause._populate_column_collectionAsr>c$UR5 g)aGiven a column added to the .c collection of an underlying selectable, produce the local version of that column, assuming this selectable ultimately should proxy this column. this is used to "ping" a derived selectable to add a new column to its .c. collection when a Column has been added to one of the Table objects it ultimately derives from. If the given selectable hasn't populated its .c. collection yet, it should at least pass on the message to the contained selectables, but it will return None. This method is currently used by Declarative to allow Table columns to be added to a partially constructed inheritance mapping that may have already produced joins. The method isn't public right now, as the full span of implications and/or caveats aren't yet clear. It's also possible that this functionality could be invoked by default via an event, which would require that selectables maintain a weak referencing collection of all derivations. N)rrfs r;rh"FromClause._refresh_for_new_columnIs2 %%'r>c URUS9$Nrp)rLrs r;_anonymous_fromclause FromClause._anonymous_fromclausedszztz$$r>)rrrr7NFFNFNN)+r@rArBrCr]rnamed_with_column _hide_fromsschemarr__is_join_use_schema_mapr1deprecated_paramsrrrrLrrrrrrErrr[memoized_propertyrrrrrrr_select_iterabler r r rhr)rFr?r>r;rrs("NK FMOHO   $M%$M2,:\,7\,* 23<4<6B .@JJ * ,,&        !!")" 9  A 9 56"++ (6%r>rLABEL_STYLE_NONEavLabel style indicating no automatic labeling should be applied to the columns clause of a SELECT statement. Below, the columns named ``columna`` are both rendered as is, meaning that the name ``columna`` can only refer to the first occurrence of this name within a result set, as well as if the statement were used as a subquery:: >>> from sqlalchemy import table, column, select, true, LABEL_STYLE_NONE >>> table1 = table("table1", column("columna"), column("columnb")) >>> table2 = table("table2", column("columna"), column("columnc")) >>> print(select(table1, table2).join(table2, true()).set_label_style(LABEL_STYLE_NONE)) SELECT table1.columna, table1.columnb, table2.columna, table2.columnc FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON true Used with the :meth:`_sql.Select.set_label_style` method. .. versionadded:: 1.4 LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COLaMLabel style indicating all columns should be labeled as ``_`` when generating the columns clause of a SELECT statement, to disambiguate same-named columns referenced from different tables, aliases, or subqueries. Below, all column names are given a label so that the two same-named columns ``columna`` are disambiguated as ``table1_columna`` and ``table2_columna``:: >>> from sqlalchemy import table, column, select, true, LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL >>> table1 = table("table1", column("columna"), column("columnb")) >>> table2 = table("table2", column("columna"), column("columnc")) >>> print(select(table1, table2).join(table2, true()).set_label_style(LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL)) SELECT table1.columna AS table1_columna, table1.columnb AS table1_columnb, table2.columna AS table2_columna, table2.columnc AS table2_columnc FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON true Used with the :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.set_label_style` method. Equivalent to the legacy method ``Select.apply_labels()``; :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL` is SQLAlchemy's legacy auto-labeling style. :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY` provides a less intrusive approach to disambiguation of same-named column expressions. .. versionadded:: 1.4 LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLYaLabel style indicating that columns with a name that conflicts with an existing name should be labeled with a semi-anonymizing label when generating the columns clause of a SELECT statement. Below, most column names are left unaffected, except for the second occurrence of the name ``columna``, which is labeled using the label ``columna_1`` to disambiguate it from that of ``tablea.columna``:: >>> from sqlalchemy import table, column, select, true, LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY >>> table1 = table("table1", column("columna"), column("columnb")) >>> table2 = table("table2", column("columna"), column("columnc")) >>> print(select(table1, table2).join(table2, true()).set_label_style(LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY)) SELECT table1.columna, table1.columnb, table2.columna AS columna_1, table2.columnc FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON true Used with the :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.set_label_style` method, :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY` is the default labeling style for all SELECT statements outside of :term:`1.x style` ORM queries. .. versionadded:: 1.4 c^\rSrSrSrSrS\R4S\R4S\R4S\R4S\R4/r S r S*S jr \ S+S j5r \ S*S j5r\S5rSrS,Sjr\R("S5S5r\4U4SjjrU4SjrSr\ S-Sj5r\ S,Sj5r\ \R("S5S55r\ S5r\R<"SSS9S,Sj5r\\R@"SSS S 9S!55r!\R("S5S+S"j5r"\R@"S#S$S%9S+S&j5r#\S'5r$\S(5r%S)r&U=r'$).riaRepresent a ``JOIN`` construct between two :class:`_expression.FromClause` elements. The public constructor function for :class:`_expression.Join` is the module-level :func:`_expression.join()` function, as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method of any :class:`_expression.FromClause` (e.g. such as :class:`_schema.Table`). .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.join` :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` rleftrrrrTFc[R"[RUSS9Ul[R"[RUSS9R 5UlUc,URURUR 5UlOE[R"[RU5R [RS9UlX@l XPl g)zConstruct a new :class:`_expression.Join`. The usual entrypoint here is the :func:`_expression.join` function or the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method of any :class:`_expression.FromClause` object. T) deannotateNagainst)rrrrr: self_groupr_match_primariesr OnClauseRoler_asboolrr)r:r:rrrrs r;__init__ Join.__init__s$$  $4  %%  %D *,    11$))TZZHDM&,,""Hj!2!2j3 M  r>cU"XUSUS9$)aReturn an ``OUTER JOIN`` clause element. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.Join`. Similar functionality is also available via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.outerjoin` method on any :class:`_expression.FromClause`. :param left: The left side of the join. :param right: The right side of the join. :param onclause: Optional criterion for the ``ON`` clause, is derived from foreign key relationships established between left and right otherwise. To chain joins together, use the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` or :meth:`_expression.FromClause.outerjoin` methods on the resulting :class:`_expression.Join` object. Trrr?)clsr:rrrs r;_create_outerjoinJoin._create_outerjoins04$TBBr>cU"XX4U5$)a>Produce a :class:`_expression.Join` object, given two :class:`_expression.FromClause` expressions. E.g.:: j = join(user_table, address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id) stmt = select(user_table).select_from(j) would emit SQL along the lines of:: SELECT user.id, user.name FROM user JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id Similar functionality is available given any :class:`_expression.FromClause` object (e.g. such as a :class:`_schema.Table`) using the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` method. :param left: The left side of the join. :param right: the right side of the join; this is any :class:`_expression.FromClause` object such as a :class:`_schema.Table` object, and may also be a selectable-compatible object such as an ORM-mapped class. :param onclause: a SQL expression representing the ON clause of the join. If left at ``None``, :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` will attempt to join the two tables based on a foreign key relationship. :param isouter: if True, render a LEFT OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN. :param full: if True, render a FULL OUTER JOIN, instead of JOIN. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.FromClause.join` - method form, based on a given left side. :class:`_expression.Join` - the type of object produced. r?)rGr:rrrrs r; _create_joinJoin._create_joinsh4488r>cSURR[UR5URR[UR54-$)Nz Join object on %s(%d) and %s(%d))r:ridrr9s r;rJoin.descriptionMsD1 II ! ! tyyM JJ " " tzzN 5   r>c[U5[U5:H=(d= URRU5=(d URRU5$r7)hashr:rrrs r;rJoin.is_derived_fromVsH  T * 6yy((4 6zz))*5  r>c[U5$r7) FromGroupingr:r>s r;r?Join.self_group_s D!!r>rtc8[RRnURRVs/sHo"PM snUR RVs/sHo"PM sn-nUR RURSU5UR55 URRSU55 URR[R"UVs/sHoDRPM sn65 gs snfs snfs snf)Nc3J# UHoR(dMUv M g7fr7)rrrs r;r3Join._populate_column_collection..ks5Gq}}Gs# #c3<# UHoRU4v M g7fr7) _tq_key_label)rrs r;rrZns. 07   $)r1rvrwr:rrrextendreduce_columnsrrrrupdate itertoolschain)r:sqlutilrrrs r;r  Join._populate_column_collectionbs..))"ii//0/1/0zz))4 )!A)4     " "5G5t}}  --. 07.     OO'B'3..'B C 14 Cs D  D/D c 2>^[[R"[UR5[UR 555nUVs0sH oDU"U40UD6_M snmU4SjnXRS'[ [U]""SSU0UD6 UR5 gs snf)Nc>[U[5(a1URT;a TURRU5nU$ggr7 isinstancer(tabler~objrnewelem new_fromss r;replace%Join._copy_internals..replaceB#|,,i1G#CII.CCCH2H,r>rncloner?) rrarbrr:rsuperr_copy_internals_reset_memoizations)r:rqr all_the_fromsfrnrmrs @r;rsJoin._copy_internalsus  OOdii(djj)  1>> 1a2& >    9 dD)<<<   "#?s Bc>[[U] U5 URRU5 URRU5 gr7)rrrrhr:rr:rgrs r;rhJoin._refresh_for_new_columns6 dD1&9 ))&1 **62r>cj[U[5(a URnOSnURXUS9$)N)a_subset)rhrr_join_condition)r:r:r left_rights r;r@Join._match_primariess3 dD ! !JJ##D*#EEr>cURXX$5n[U5S:aURXXT5 [U5S:XaP[U[5(aSnOSn[ R "SUR<SUR<SU<35e[UR55SVVs/sH upxXx:HPM n nn[U 5S:XaU S$[U 6$s snnf)aCreate a join condition between two tables or selectables. e.g.:: join_condition(tablea, tableb) would produce an expression along the lines of:: tablea.c.id==tableb.c.tablea_id The join is determined based on the foreign key relationships between the two selectables. If there are multiple ways to join, or no way to join, an error is raised. :param a_subset: An optional expression that is a sub-component of ``a``. An attempt will be made to join to just this sub-component first before looking at the full ``a`` construct, and if found will be successful even if there are other ways to join to ``a``. This allows the "right side" of a join to be passed thereby providing a "natural join". rrzI Perhaps you meant to convert the right side to a subquery using alias()?z2Can't find any foreign key relationships between '' and 'z'.) _joincond_scan_left_rightlen_joincond_trim_constraintsrhrTr0NoForeignKeysErrorrlistvaluesr#) rGabr|consider_as_foreign_keys constraintshintxycrits r;r}Join._join_conditions433   { a   * *k  { q !\**. ((==!--7  &*+*<*<*>%?%BC%BTQ%BC t9>7N;  Ds2C!c[U[5(a URnOSnURUUUUS9n[ U5$)N)rrr|r)rhrrrbool)rGr:rrr~rs r; _can_joinJoin._can_joinsK dD ! !JJ33%= 4 K  r>c[RRn[R"[ R U5n[R"[ R U5n[R"[5nX!4HnUcM[URSS9HWnUbURU;aMURU5n U cM/XhR&R)XR45 MY XsLap[URSS9HWnUbURU;aMURU5n U cM/XhR&R)XR45 MY U(dM U$ U$![RaMn UR!U5V s1sHoR"iM Os sn fn n U R$U ;aeSn A GM;Sn A ff=f![RaMn UR!U5V s1sHoR"iM Os sn fn n U R$U ;aeSn A GM+Sn A ff=f)Nc.URR$r7parent_creation_orderfks r;0Join._joincond_scan_left_right..sryy/H/Hr>rc.URR$r7rrs r;rr sbii6O6Or>)r1rvrwrrrr collections defaultdictrsortedrr get_referentr0NoReferenceError find_tablesrp table_name constraintappend) rGrr|rrrwrr:rrnrtet table_namess r;rJoin._joincond_scan_left_rights >>**   U111 5   U111 5!--d3 MD|$H-8 )AA!//$/C? .55sII6FG%&} %%+OB1<II-EE % ooa0#MM2993 :JK%&{Y"X?++!3;3G3G3M"N3Ma663M"NK"N+5 !(//%7?7K7KA7N&O7N!vv7N&O &O??k9!$ %sH8E>,G">GG%F; :GG"I6H> H H>>IcU(a?[U5H0n[SUR55[U5:wdM.X5 M2 [U5S:aC[SUR 555n[U5S:Xa[U5SnXsU0n[U5S:wa3[ R "SUR<SUR<S35eg)Nc38# UHoRv M g7fr7)rrrvs r;r2Join._joincond_trim_constraints..,s8Axxrc38# UHn[U5v M g7fr7)r)rrs r;rr4sF1Et1ErrzCan't determine join between 'rz'; tables have more than one foreign key constraint relationship between them. Please specify the 'onclause' of this join explicitly.)rrelementsrrr0AmbiguousForeignKeysErrorr)rGrrrrconstdedupers r;rJoin._joincond_trim_constraints#s $k*888C,=$* + { a F1C1C1EFFF6{a;'*"$45 { q // '(mmQ]] D  !r>)rzThe :paramref:`_sql.Join.select().whereclause` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0. Please make use of the :meth:`.Select.where` method to add WHERE criteria to the SELECT statement.)rzThe :meth:`_sql.Join.select` method will no longer accept keyword arguments in version 2.0. Please use generative methods from the :class:`_sql.Select` construct in order to apply additional modifications.rc URUR/nUbXS'[R"X40UD6R U5$)amCreate a :class:`_expression.Select` from this :class:`_expression.Join`. E.g.:: stmt = table_a.join(table_b, table_a.c.id == table_b.c.a_id) stmt = stmt.select() The above will produce a SQL string resembling:: SELECT table_a.id, table_a.col, table_b.id, table_b.a_id FROM table_a JOIN table_b ON table_a.id = table_b.a_id :param whereclause: WHERE criteria, same as calling :meth:`_sql.Select.where` on the resulting statement :param \**kwargs: additional keyword arguments are passed to the legacy constructor for :class:`_sql.Select` described at :meth:`_sql.Select.create_legacy_select`. r)r:rrIr select_from)r:rrNcollists r;r Join.selectBsMR99djj)  "$/= !44  # +d  r>:attr:`.Executable.bind`5Bound metadata is being removed as of SQLAlchemy 2.0. alternativeenable_warningschURR=(d URR$)zcReturn the bound engine associated with either the left or right side of this :class:`_sql.Join`. )r:bindrr9s r;r Join.bindssyy~~00r>c6[RRnU(aUb[R"S5eUR R SS9URR SS9pTURU5RURU55nURUURUR5URURS9$UR5R!["5R%S5R'U5$)Nz"Can't send name argument with flatT)rrF)r1rvrwr0rr:r)rrxrbrryrrrrset_label_styler7 correlaterL)r:rprrcleft_aright_aadapters r;r)Join._anonymous_fromclauses..)) ''(LMM //T/: 00d0;++F399%%g.G;;  / YY    !?@4t  r>z:meth:`_sql.Join.alias`zTCreate a select + subquery, or alias the individual tables inside the join, instead.rc URX!S9$)a Return an alias of this :class:`_expression.Join`. The default behavior here is to first produce a SELECT construct from this :class:`_expression.Join`, then to produce an :class:`_expression.Alias` from that. So given a join of the form:: j = table_a.join(table_b, table_a.c.id == table_b.c.a_id) The JOIN by itself would look like:: table_a JOIN table_b ON table_a.id = table_b.a_id Whereas the alias of the above, ``j.alias()``, would in a SELECT context look like:: (SELECT table_a.id AS table_a_id, table_b.id AS table_b_id, table_b.a_id AS table_b_a_id FROM table_a JOIN table_b ON table_a.id = table_b.a_id) AS anon_1 The equivalent long-hand form, given a :class:`_expression.Join` object ``j``, is:: from sqlalchemy import select, alias j = alias( select(j.left, j.right).\ select_from(j).\ set_label_style(LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL).\ correlate(False), name=name ) The selectable produced by :meth:`_expression.Join.alias` features the same columns as that of the two individual selectables presented under a single name - the individual columns are "auto-labeled", meaning the ``.c.`` collection of the resulting :class:`_expression.Alias` represents the names of the individual columns using a ``_`` scheme:: j.c.table_a_id j.c.table_b_a_id :meth:`_expression.Join.alias` also features an alternate option for aliasing joins which produces no enclosing SELECT and does not normally apply labels to the column names. The ``flat=True`` option will call :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` against the left and right sides individually. Using this option, no new ``SELECT`` is produced; we instead, from a construct as below:: j = table_a.join(table_b, table_a.c.id == table_b.c.a_id) j = j.alias(flat=True) we get a result like this:: table_a AS table_a_1 JOIN table_b AS table_b_1 ON table_a_1.id = table_b_1.a_id The ``flat=True`` argument is also propagated to the contained selectables, so that a composite join such as:: j = table_a.join( table_b.join(table_c, table_b.c.id == table_c.c.b_id), table_b.c.a_id == table_a.c.id ).alias(flat=True) Will produce an expression like:: table_a AS table_a_1 JOIN ( table_b AS table_b_1 JOIN table_c AS table_c_1 ON table_b_1.id = table_c_1.b_id ) ON table_a_1.id = table_b_1.a_id The standalone :func:`_expression.alias` function as well as the base :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method also support the ``flat=True`` argument as a no-op, so that the argument can be passed to the ``alias()`` method of any selectable. :param name: name given to the alias. :param flat: if True, produce an alias of the left and right sides of this :class:`_expression.Join` and return the join of those two selectables. This produces join expression that does not include an enclosing SELECT. .. seealso:: :ref:`core_tutorial_aliases` :func:`_expression.alias` )rrp)r)rs r;rL Join.aliassL))t)??r>c [R"URVs/sH#n[URUR 5PM% sn6$s snfr7)rarbrrr:r)r:rs r;r/Join._hide_fromss?6:6F6F G6FmAFFAGG,6F G  Gs*A cdU/URR-URR-$r7)r:rrr9s r;rJoin._from_objects s(v ///$**2J2JJJr>)rrr:rrr+r,r7r-)(r@rArBrCr]rr.dp_clauseelement dp_boolean_traverse_internalsr1rC classmethodrHrKrErrr?r1rr r rsrhr@r}rrrr3r deprecated_20rr)rLr/rrF __classcell__rs@r;rrs*&N "334 #445 &778 %001 "--. H6CC2=B3939j   " ./ 0 $%+#B3 F;?44l ! ! ./606p<   $%$> "K 1  1 ./06 !6 a@  a@F  KKr>rc\rSrSrSrSrg)NoInitic [SURR<SURRR5<SURRR5<S35e)NzThe zC class is not intended to be constructed directly. Please use the z() standalone function or the z8() method available from appropriate selectable objects.)rWrr@lowerr:argrs r;rCNoInit.__init__sO! ''''--/''--/   r>r?Nr@rArBrCrCrFr?r>r;rrs  r>rc^\rSrSrSrSrSrSrS\R4S\R4/r \ S5r \ SSj5rSS jrU4S jr\S 5r\S 5rS rSr\4U4Sjjr\S5r\S5rSrU=r$)AliasedReturnsRowsi'zHBase class of aliases against tables, subqueries, and other selectables.TFelementrpcLURU5nUR"U0UD6 U$r7)__new___init)rGrrrks r;rnAliasedReturnsRows._construct5s&kk# 3" r>c[5e)z6Base factory method. Subclasses need to provide this.rV)rG returnsrowsrps r;_factoryAliasedReturnsRows._factory;s "##r>cd[R"[RXS9UlXlX lUcs[ U[5(a5UR(a$[USS5n[ U[5(aSn[R"[U5U=(d S5nX l g)Napply_propagate_attrsrpanon)rrrReturnsRowsRoler _orig_namerhrr.rr"safe_constructrNrp)r:rSrps r;rAliasedReturnsRows._init@s ''  ! !:  "  <:z2200z648d$455D#222d8T^VLD r>cb>[[U] U5 URRU5 gr7)rrrrhrrys r;rh*AliasedReturnsRows._refresh_for_new_columnQs%  $?G ,,V4r>cURn[U[5(aSn[R(aU$UR SS5$)Nanon_1asciibackslashreplace)rprhr"r1py3kencoderos r;rAliasedReturnsRows.descriptionUs<yy d, - -D 99K;;w(:; ;r>cUR$)z9Legacy for dialects that are referring to Alias.original.rr9s r;originalAliasedReturnsRows.original`s||r>cXXR;agURRU5$NT)rrrrs r;r"AliasedReturnsRows.is_derived_fromes& )) )||++J77r>c:URRU5 gr7rrr9s r;r .AliasedReturnsRows._populate_column_collectionjs 88>r>c >URn[[U]"SSU0UD6 X0RLaUR 5 gg)Nrqr?)rrrrrsr)r:rqrexisting_elementrs r;rs"AliasedReturnsRows._copy_internalsmsB<<  $7JeJrJ << /  ) ) + 0r>cU/$r7r?r9s r;r AliasedReturnsRows._from_objectsy v r>c.URR$r7)rrr9s r;rAliasedReturnsRows.bind}s||   r>)rrrpr7)r@rArBrCr]_is_from_containerr._supports_derived_columnsr.r dp_anon_namerrrnrrrhrErrrr r rsrrrFrrs@r;rr's % %667 "//0  $$"5<<8 ?%+ ,!!r>rc4\rSrSrSrSrSr\SSj5rSr g) riaRepresents an table or selectable alias (AS). Represents an alias, as typically applied to any table or sub-select within a SQL statement using the ``AS`` keyword (or without the keyword on certain databases such as Oracle). This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.alias` module level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` rLTNcd[R"[RUSS9R X#S9$)aReturn an :class:`_expression.Alias` object. An :class:`_expression.Alias` represents any :class:`_expression.FromClause` with an alternate name assigned within SQL, typically using the ``AS`` clause when generated, e.g. ``SELECT * FROM table AS aliasname``. Similar functionality is available via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses. In terms of a SELECT object as generated from the :func:`_expression.select` function, the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.alias` method returns an :class:`_expression.Alias` or similar object which represents a named, parenthesized subquery. When an :class:`_expression.Alias` is created from a :class:`_schema.Table` object, this has the effect of the table being rendered as ``tablename AS aliasname`` in a SELECT statement. For :func:`_expression.select` objects, the effect is that of creating a named subquery, i.e. ``(select ...) AS aliasname``. The ``name`` parameter is optional, and provides the name to use in the rendered SQL. If blank, an "anonymous" name will be deterministically generated at compile time. Deterministic means the name is guaranteed to be unique against other constructs used in the same statement, and will also be the same name for each successive compilation of the same statement object. :param selectable: any :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclass, such as a table, select statement, etc. :param name: string name to be assigned as the alias. If ``None``, a name will be deterministically generated at compile time. :param flat: Will be passed through to if the given selectable is an instance of :class:`_expression.Join` - see :meth:`_expression.Join.alias` for details. T) allow_select)rpr)rrrrrL)rGrSrprs r;rAlias._factorys1^  *4 %T% % &r>r?r,) r@rArBrCr]rrDrrrFr?r>r;rrs%"NM0&0&r>rc^\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSr S\ R4S\ R4S\ R4S \ R4S \ R4/rSU4S jjr\R$S 5rSS jrSSjrSSjrSrU=r$)TableValuedAliasiaAn alias against a "table valued" SQL function. This construct provides for a SQL function that returns columns to be used in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement. The object is generated using the :meth:`_functions.FunctionElement.table_valued` method, e.g.:: >>> from sqlalchemy import select, func >>> fn = func.json_array_elements_text('["one", "two", "three"]').table_valued("value") >>> print(select(fn.c.value)) SELECT anon_1.value FROM json_array_elements_text(:json_array_elements_text_1) AS anon_1 .. versionadded:: 1.4.0b2 .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_functions_table_valued` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` table_valued_aliasTFrrp_tableval_type_render_derived_render_derived_w_typesct>[[U] XS9 X@lUc[R UlgUUlgr')rrrrjoins_implicitlyr rr)r:rSrptable_value_typerrs r;rTableValuedAlias._initsF +J+B 0 '    " r>c,[XR5$)aReturn a column expression representing this :class:`_sql.TableValuedAlias`. This accessor is used to implement the :meth:`_functions.FunctionElement.column_valued` method. See that method for further details. E.g.:: >>> print(select(func.some_func().table_valued("value").column)) SELECT anon_1 FROM some_func() AS anon_1 .. seealso:: :meth:`_functions.FunctionElement.column_valued` )r,rr9s r;rgTableValuedAlias.columns(!':':;;r>c[RUUURURS9nUR(aSUlUR UlU$)zReturn a new alias of this :class:`_sql.TableValuedAlias`. This creates a distinct FROM object that will be distinguished from the original one when used in a SQL statement. rprrT)rrnrrrrr:rptvas r;rLTableValuedAlias.aliassW)) !00!22 *    "&C *.*F*FC ' r>c2URUS9nSUlU$)zReturn a new :class:`_sql.TableValuedAlias` with the lateral flag set, so that it renders as LATERAL. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.lateral` r(T)rLrar%s r;rqTableValuedAlias.lateral,s jjdj# r>c[RURUURURS9nSUlX#lU$)avApply "render derived" to this :class:`_sql.TableValuedAlias`. This has the effect of the individual column names listed out after the alias name in the "AS" sequence, e.g.:: >>> print( ... select( ... func.unnest(array(["one", "two", "three"])). table_valued("x", with_ordinality="o").render_derived() ... ) ... ) SELECT anon_1.x, anon_1.o FROM unnest(ARRAY[%(param_1)s, %(param_2)s, %(param_3)s]) WITH ORDINALITY AS anon_1(x, o) The ``with_types`` keyword will render column types inline within the alias expression (this syntax currently applies to the PostgreSQL database):: >>> print( ... select( ... func.json_to_recordset( ... '[{"a":1,"b":"foo"},{"a":"2","c":"bar"}]' ... ) ... .table_valued(column("a", Integer), column("b", String)) ... .render_derived(with_types=True) ... ) ... ) SELECT anon_1.a, anon_1.b FROM json_to_recordset(:json_to_recordset_1) AS anon_1(a INTEGER, b VARCHAR) :param name: optional string name that will be applied to the alias generated. If left as None, a unique anonymizing name will be used. :param with_types: if True, the derived columns will include the datatype specification with each column. This is a special syntax currently known to be required by PostgreSQL for some SQL functions. r$T)rrnrrrrr)r:rp with_types new_aliass r;render_derivedTableValuedAlias.render_derived9sL`%// LL!00!22 0 %) !,6)r>)rrNNFr7r,)r@rArBrCr]rrrrrr.rrdp_typerrrrmemoized_attributergrLrqr-rFrrs@r;rrs**N $O# %667 "//0 ,445 -889 "$5$@$@A   ##<$<** 88r>rc8\rSrSrSrSrSrSr\SSj5r Sr g) rmitaRepresent a LATERAL subquery. This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.lateral` module level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.lateral` method available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses. While LATERAL is part of the SQL standard, currently only more recent PostgreSQL versions provide support for this keyword. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_lateral_correlation` - overview of usage. rqTNcd[R"[RUSS9R US9$)a=Return a :class:`_expression.Lateral` object. :class:`_expression.Lateral` is an :class:`_expression.Alias` subclass that represents a subquery with the LATERAL keyword applied to it. The special behavior of a LATERAL subquery is that it appears in the FROM clause of an enclosing SELECT, but may correlate to other FROM clauses of that SELECT. It is a special case of subquery only supported by a small number of backends, currently more recent PostgreSQL versions. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_lateral_correlation` - overview of usage. T)explicit_subqueryr()rrrrrqrGrSrps r;rLateral._factorys0,  * 't'  r>r?r7) r@rArBrCr]rrarDrrrFr?r>r;rmrmts*$NKMr>rmc^\rSrSrSrSr\RS\R4S\R4/-r\ S Sj5r \ R"S5S U4Sjj5rS rS rU=r$) riaDRepresent a TABLESAMPLE clause. This object is constructed from the :func:`_expression.tablesample` module level function as well as the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.tablesample` method available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses. .. versionadded:: 1.1 .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.tablesample` rrrch[R"[RU5R X#US9$)aReturn a :class:`_expression.TableSample` object. :class:`_expression.TableSample` is an :class:`_expression.Alias` subclass that represents a table with the TABLESAMPLE clause applied to it. :func:`_expression.tablesample` is also available from the :class:`_expression.FromClause` class via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.tablesample` method. The TABLESAMPLE clause allows selecting a randomly selected approximate percentage of rows from a table. It supports multiple sampling methods, most commonly BERNOULLI and SYSTEM. e.g.:: from sqlalchemy import func selectable = people.tablesample( func.bernoulli(1), name='alias', seed=func.random()) stmt = select(selectable.c.people_id) Assuming ``people`` with a column ``people_id``, the above statement would render as:: SELECT alias.people_id FROM people AS alias TABLESAMPLE bernoulli(:bernoulli_1) REPEATABLE (random()) .. versionadded:: 1.1 :param sampling: a ``float`` percentage between 0 and 100 or :class:`_functions.Function`. :param name: optional alias name :param seed: any real-valued SQL expression. When specified, the REPEATABLE sub-clause is also rendered. )rpr)rrrrr)rGrSrrprs r;rTableSample._factorys6X 4 4jAMM dN  r>zsqlalchemy.sql.functionsc>[RRn[X%R5(dUR R U5nX lX@l[[U]/XS9 gr') r1rv sql_functionsrhFunctionfuncsystemrrrrrr)r:rSrrpr functionsrs r;rTableSample._initsSNN00 ($6$677 ~~,,X6H   k4&z&=r>cUR$r7)rr9s r; _get_methodTableSample._get_methods }}r>)rrr-)r@rArBrCr]rrrr.rrrr1rrrBrFrrs@r;rrs #N,@@ &778 "334D - - ^ 34>5>r>rc2^\rSrSrSrSr\RS\R4S\R4S\R4S\R4/-\ R-\ R-r\SSj5rSU4S jjrS rSS jrS rS rSrSrU=r$)CTEia)Represent a Common Table Expression. The :class:`_expression.CTE` object is obtained using the :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.cte` method from any SELECT statement. A less often available syntax also allows use of the :meth:`_sql.HasCTE.cte` method present on :term:`DML` constructs such as :class:`_sql.Insert`, :class:`_sql.Update` and :class:`_sql.Delete`. See the :meth:`_sql.HasCTE.cte` method for usage details on CTEs. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_subqueries_ctes` - in the 2.0 tutorial :meth:`_sql.HasCTE.cte` - examples of calling styles cte _cte_alias _restates recursivenestingcf[R"[RU5R X#S9$)zReturn a new :class:`_expression.CTE`, or Common Table Expression instance. Please see :meth:`_expression.HasCTE.cte` for detail on CTE usage. )rprI)rrr HasCTERolerF)rGrSrprIs r;r CTE._factory$s3 0 0*=AAB  r>c >X0lX@lXPlX`lU(aXplU(aXl[ [U]#XS9 gr') rIrJrGrHrrrrrEr) r:rSrprIrJrGrHrrrs r;r CTE._init0s;# $" &N &N c4z5r>cURbURRU5 gURRU5 gr7)rGrrr9s r;r CTE._populate_column_collectionFs0 ?? & OO ? ? E LL < c [RURUURURUUR UR S9$)zReturn an :class:`_expression.Alias` of this :class:`_expression.CTE`. This method is a CTE-specific specialization of the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_using_aliases` :func:`_expression.alias` )rprIrJrGrr)rErnrrIrJrrrs r;rL CTE.aliasLsC~~ LLnnLLnnnn  r>c [RURR"U6URUR UR UURURS9$)a^Return a new :class:`_expression.CTE` with a SQL ``UNION`` of the original CTE against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.HasCTE.cte` - examples of calling styles rprIrJrHrr) rErnrrrprIrJrrrs r;r CTE.uniondsR~~ LL   &nnLLnnnn  r>c [RURR"U6URUR UR UURURS9$)abReturn a new :class:`_expression.CTE` with a SQL ``UNION ALL`` of the original CTE against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.HasCTE.cte` - examples of calling styles rU) rErnr union_allrprIrJrrrs r;rX CTE.union_all}sR~~ LL " "E *nnLLnnnn  r>c8URb UR$U$)z A recursive CTE is updated to attach the recursive part. Updated CTEs should still refer to the original CTE. This function returns this reference identifier. )rHr9s r;_get_reference_cteCTE._get_reference_ctes "&!;t~~EEr>)rGrrHrrJrIr,)NFFNNNN)r@rArBrCr]rrrr.rrrrrrrrrr rLrrXr[rFrrs@r;rErEs$N .. ,== > +<< = +66 7 )44 5     6 6 7  6 6 7    6,C  0 2 2FFr>rEcT\rSrSrSrS\R 4/rSr\ S5r SSjr Sr g) HasCTEizLMixin that declares a class to include CTE support. .. versionadded:: 1.1 _independent_ctesr?cz[R"[RU5nU=RU4- slg)a Add a :class:`_sql.CTE` to this statement object that will be independently rendered even if not referenced in the statement otherwise. This feature is useful for the use case of embedding a DML statement such as an INSERT or UPDATE as a CTE inline with a primary statement that may draw from its results indirectly; while PostgreSQL is known to support this usage, it may not be supported by other backends. E.g.:: from sqlalchemy import table, column, select t = table('t', column('c1'), column('c2')) ins = t.insert().values({"c1": "x", "c2": "y"}).cte() stmt = select(t).add_cte(ins) Would render:: WITH anon_1 AS (INSERT INTO t (c1, c2) VALUES (:param_1, :param_2)) SELECT t.c1, t.c2 FROM t Above, the "anon_1" CTE is not referred towards in the SELECT statement, however still accomplishes the task of running an INSERT statement. Similarly in a DML-related context, using the PostgreSQL :class:`_postgresql.Insert` construct to generate an "upsert":: from sqlalchemy import table, column from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert t = table("t", column("c1"), column("c2")) delete_statement_cte = ( t.delete().where(t.c.c1 < 1).cte("deletions") ) insert_stmt = insert(t).values({"c1": 1, "c2": 2}) update_statement = insert_stmt.on_conflict_do_update( index_elements=[t.c.c1], set_={ "c1": insert_stmt.excluded.c1, "c2": insert_stmt.excluded.c2, }, ).add_cte(delete_statement_cte) print(update_statement) The above statement renders as:: WITH deletions AS (DELETE FROM t WHERE t.c1 < %(c1_1)s) INSERT INTO t (c1, c2) VALUES (%(c1)s, %(c2)s) ON CONFLICT (c1) DO UPDATE SET c1 = excluded.c1, c2 = excluded.c2 .. versionadded:: 1.4.21 N)rrr IsCTERoler_)r:rFs r;add_cteHasCTE.add_ctes.@u4 3&(r>Nc*[RXX#S9$)aReturn a new :class:`_expression.CTE`, or Common Table Expression instance. Common table expressions are a SQL standard whereby SELECT statements can draw upon secondary statements specified along with the primary statement, using a clause called "WITH". Special semantics regarding UNION can also be employed to allow "recursive" queries, where a SELECT statement can draw upon the set of rows that have previously been selected. CTEs can also be applied to DML constructs UPDATE, INSERT and DELETE on some databases, both as a source of CTE rows when combined with RETURNING, as well as a consumer of CTE rows. .. versionchanged:: 1.1 Added support for UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE as CTE, CTEs added to UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE. SQLAlchemy detects :class:`_expression.CTE` objects, which are treated similarly to :class:`_expression.Alias` objects, as special elements to be delivered to the FROM clause of the statement as well as to a WITH clause at the top of the statement. For special prefixes such as PostgreSQL "MATERIALIZED" and "NOT MATERIALIZED", the :meth:`_expression.CTE.prefix_with` method may be used to establish these. .. versionchanged:: 1.3.13 Added support for prefixes. In particular - MATERIALIZED and NOT MATERIALIZED. :param name: name given to the common table expression. Like :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`, the name can be left as ``None`` in which case an anonymous symbol will be used at query compile time. :param recursive: if ``True``, will render ``WITH RECURSIVE``. A recursive common table expression is intended to be used in conjunction with UNION ALL in order to derive rows from those already selected. :param nesting: if ``True``, will render the CTE locally to the actual statement. .. versionadded:: 1.4.24 The following examples include two from PostgreSQL's documentation at https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/queries-with.html, as well as additional examples. Example 1, non recursive:: from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, String, Integer, MetaData, select, func) metadata = MetaData() orders = Table('orders', metadata, Column('region', String), Column('amount', Integer), Column('product', String), Column('quantity', Integer) ) regional_sales = select( orders.c.region, func.sum(orders.c.amount).label('total_sales') ).group_by(orders.c.region).cte("regional_sales") top_regions = select(regional_sales.c.region).\ where( regional_sales.c.total_sales > select( func.sum(regional_sales.c.total_sales) / 10 ) ).cte("top_regions") statement = select( orders.c.region, orders.c.product, func.sum(orders.c.quantity).label("product_units"), func.sum(orders.c.amount).label("product_sales") ).where(orders.c.region.in_( select(top_regions.c.region) )).group_by(orders.c.region, orders.c.product) result = conn.execute(statement).fetchall() Example 2, WITH RECURSIVE:: from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, String, Integer, MetaData, select, func) metadata = MetaData() parts = Table('parts', metadata, Column('part', String), Column('sub_part', String), Column('quantity', Integer), ) included_parts = select(\ parts.c.sub_part, parts.c.part, parts.c.quantity\ ).\ where(parts.c.part=='our part').\ cte(recursive=True) incl_alias = included_parts.alias() parts_alias = parts.alias() included_parts = included_parts.union_all( select( parts_alias.c.sub_part, parts_alias.c.part, parts_alias.c.quantity ).\ where(parts_alias.c.part==incl_alias.c.sub_part) ) statement = select( included_parts.c.sub_part, func.sum(included_parts.c.quantity). label('total_quantity') ).\ group_by(included_parts.c.sub_part) result = conn.execute(statement).fetchall() Example 3, an upsert using UPDATE and INSERT with CTEs:: from datetime import date from sqlalchemy import (MetaData, Table, Column, Integer, Date, select, literal, and_, exists) metadata = MetaData() visitors = Table('visitors', metadata, Column('product_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('date', Date, primary_key=True), Column('count', Integer), ) # add 5 visitors for the product_id == 1 product_id = 1 day = date.today() count = 5 update_cte = ( visitors.update() .where(and_(visitors.c.product_id == product_id, visitors.c.date == day)) .values(count=visitors.c.count + count) .returning(literal(1)) .cte('update_cte') ) upsert = visitors.insert().from_select( [visitors.c.product_id, visitors.c.date, visitors.c.count], select(literal(product_id), literal(day), literal(count)) .where(~exists(update_cte.select())) ) connection.execute(upsert) Example 4, Nesting CTE (SQLAlchemy 1.4.24 and above):: value_a = select( literal("root").label("n") ).cte("value_a") # A nested CTE with the same name as the root one value_a_nested = select( literal("nesting").label("n") ).cte("value_a", nesting=True) # Nesting CTEs takes ascendency locally # over the CTEs at a higher level value_b = select(value_a_nested.c.n).cte("value_b") value_ab = select(value_a.c.n.label("a"), value_b.c.n.label("b")) The above query will render the second CTE nested inside the first, shown with inline parameters below as:: WITH value_a AS (SELECT 'root' AS n), value_b AS (WITH value_a AS (SELECT 'nesting' AS n) SELECT value_a.n AS n FROM value_a) SELECT value_a.n AS a, value_b.n AS b FROM value_a, value_b Example 5, Non-Linear CTE (SQLAlchemy 1.4.28 and above):: edge = Table( "edge", metadata, Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True), Column("left", Integer), Column("right", Integer), ) root_node = select(literal(1).label("node")).cte( "nodes", recursive=True ) left_edge = select(edge.c.left).join( root_node, edge.c.right == root_node.c.node ) right_edge = select(edge.c.right).join( root_node, edge.c.left == root_node.c.node ) subgraph_cte = root_node.union(left_edge, right_edge) subgraph = select(subgraph_cte) The above query will render 2 UNIONs inside the recursive CTE:: WITH RECURSIVE nodes(node) AS ( SELECT 1 AS node UNION SELECT edge."left" AS "left" FROM edge JOIN nodes ON edge."right" = nodes.node UNION SELECT edge."right" AS "right" FROM edge JOIN nodes ON edge."left" = nodes.node ) SELECT nodes.node FROM nodes .. seealso:: :meth:`_orm.Query.cte` - ORM version of :meth:`_expression.HasCTE.cte`. )rprIrJ)rErn)r:rprIrJs r;rF HasCTE.ctes \~~ y  r>r+) r@rArBrCr]r.dp_clauseelement_list_has_ctes_traverse_internalsr_rrbrFrFr?r>r;r^r^sC /EEF$ @)@)Dp r>r^cp\rSrSrSrSrSrSr\S Sj5r \ R"SS5S 5r S r S rg) Subqueryi a1Represent a subquery of a SELECT. A :class:`.Subquery` is created by invoking the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` method, or for convenience the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.alias` method, on any :class:`_expression.SelectBase` subclass which includes :class:`_expression.Select`, :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`, and :class:`_expression.TextualSelect`. As rendered in a FROM clause, it represents the body of the SELECT statement inside of parenthesis, followed by the usual "AS " that defines all "alias" objects. The :class:`.Subquery` object is very similar to the :class:`_expression.Alias` object and can be used in an equivalent way. The difference between :class:`_expression.Alias` and :class:`.Subquery` is that :class:`_expression.Alias` always contains a :class:`_expression.FromClause` object whereas :class:`.Subquery` always contains a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` object. .. versionadded:: 1.4 The :class:`.Subquery` class was added which now serves the purpose of providing an aliased version of a SELECT statement. rKTNcf[R"[RU5R US9$)z#Return a :class:`.Subquery` object.r()rrrSelectStatementRolerKr5s r;rSubquery._factory s.  % %z ((  r>rGaxThe :meth:`.Subquery.as_scalar` method, which was previously ``Alias.as_scalar()`` prior to version 1.4, is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; Please use the :meth:`_expression.Select.scalar_subquery` method of the :func:`_expression.select` construct before constructing a subquery object, or with the ORM use the :meth:`_query.Query.scalar_subquery` method.c\URR[5R5$r7)rrr6scalar_subqueryr9s r; as_scalarSubquery.as_scalar s#||++,<=MMOOr>cf[R"SS5 URRXX4SS9$)NzExecuting a subquery object is deprecated and will raise ObjectNotExecutableError in an upcoming release. Please execute the underlying select() statement directly.rGT)_force)r1warn_deprecatedr_execute_on_connection)r: connection multiparamsparamsexecution_optionss r;rtSubquery._execute_on_connection sB  B   ||22 Vt3  r>r?r7)r@rArBrCr]r _is_subqueryrDrrr1rrortrFr?r>r;riri sV8 NLM  __  ? P P r>ric\rSrSrSrS\R 4/rSrSr \ S5r \ S5r \ S5r S rS rS r\ S 5r\ S 5rSrSrSrg)rTi+ z%Represent a grouping of a FROM clausercX[R"[RU5Ulgr7)rrrrrr:rs r;rCFromGrouping.__init__0 s ''(<(cgr7r?r9s r;r FromGrouping._init_collections3  r>c.URR$r7)rrr9s r;rFromGrouping.columns6 s||###r>c.URR$r7)rrr9s r;rFromGrouping.primary_key: ||'''r>c.URR$r7)rrr9s r;rFromGrouping.foreign_keys> ||(((r>c8URRU5$r7)rrr}s r;rFromGrouping.is_derived_fromB s||++G44r>c L[URR"S0UD65$Nr?)rTrrLr:rs r;rLFromGrouping.aliasE sDLL..4455r>c L[URR"S0UD65$r)rTrr)rs r;r)"FromGrouping._anonymous_fromclauseH sDLL>>DDEEr>c.URR$r7)rr/r9s r;r/FromGrouping._hide_fromsK rr>c.URR$r7rrr9s r;rFromGrouping._from_objectsO ||)))r>cSUR0$Nrrr9s r; __getstate__FromGrouping.__getstate__S s4<<((r>cUSUlgrr)r:states r; __setstate__FromGrouping.__setstate__V sY' r>rN)r@rArBrCr]r.rrrCr rErrrrrLr)r/rrrrFr?r>r;rTrT+ s/%'8'I'IJKG $$(())56F((**)(r>rTcz^\rSrSrSrSrS\R4S\R4S\R4/r Sr Sr S r U4S jr S rS rS r\R$S5rSr\R*"S5SSj5r\R*"S5SSj5r\R*"S5SSj5r\S5rSrU=r$) TableClauseiZ aRepresents a minimal "table" construct. This is a lightweight table object that has only a name, a collection of columns, which are typically produced by the :func:`_expression.column` function, and a schema:: from sqlalchemy import table, column user = table("user", column("id"), column("name"), column("description"), ) The :class:`_expression.TableClause` construct serves as the base for the more commonly used :class:`_schema.Table` object, providing the usual set of :class:`_expression.FromClause` services including the ``.c.`` collection and statement generation methods. It does **not** provide all the additional schema-level services of :class:`_schema.Table`, including constraints, references to other tables, or support for :class:`_schema.MetaData`-level services. It's useful on its own as an ad-hoc construct used to generate quick SQL statements when a more fully fledged :class:`_schema.Table` is not on hand. rirrpr0TFNc>[[U] 5 Xl[ 5Ul[ 5Ul[5Ul UHnURU5 M URSS5nUbXPl URb#UR<SUR<3Ul OURUl U(a"[R"S[!U5-5eg)aProduce a new :class:`_expression.TableClause`. The object returned is an instance of :class:`_expression.TableClause`, which represents the "syntactical" portion of the schema-level :class:`_schema.Table` object. It may be used to construct lightweight table constructs. .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 :func:`_expression.table` can now be imported from the plain ``sqlalchemy`` namespace like any other SQL element. :param name: Name of the table. :param columns: A collection of :func:`_expression.column` constructs. :param schema: The schema name for this table. .. versionadded:: 1.3.18 :func:`_expression.table` can now accept a ``schema`` argument. r0N.r)rrrrCrprrrrrr append_columnrr0fullnamer0rr)r:rprrrr0rs r;rCTableClause.__init__ s0 k4)+ .0 $;EA   q !$'   K ;; "'+{{DII>DM IIDM ##$ADH$LM M r>clURbURS-UR-$UR$)Nr)r0rpr9s r;__str__TableClause.__str__ s. ;; ";;$tyy0 099 r>cgr7r?rfs r;rh#TableClause._refresh_for_new_column rr>cgr7r?r9s r;r TableClause._init_collections rr>c|[R(a UR$URRSS5$)Nrr)r1rrprr9s r;rTableClause.description s+ 9999 99##G-?@ @r>c URnUb-X0La)[R"SUR<SU<S35eURR U5 Xlg)Nzcolumn object 'z' already assigned to table '')rir0rrradd)r:rrexistings r;rTableClause.append_column sP77  H$8##55($  !r>zsqlalchemy.sql.dmlc \[RRR"U4XS.UD6$)zGenerate an :func:`_expression.insert` construct against this :class:`_expression.TableClause`. E.g.:: table.insert().values(name='foo') See :func:`_expression.insert` for argument and usage information. )rinline)r1rvsql_dmlInsert)r:rrrNs r;insertTableClause.insert s4~~%%,,   28  r>c `[RRR"U4UUUS.UD6$)zGenerate an :func:`_expression.update` construct against this :class:`_expression.TableClause`. E.g.:: table.update().where(table.c.id==7).values(name='foo') See :func:`_expression.update` for argument and usage information. )rrr)r1rvrUpdate)r:rrrrNs r;r`TableClause.update s<~~%%,,  #     r>c X[RRR"X40UD6$)zGenerate a :func:`_expression.delete` construct against this :class:`_expression.TableClause`. E.g.:: table.delete().where(table.c.id==7) See :func:`_expression.delete` for argument and usage information. )r1rvrDeleters r;deleteTableClause.delete s$~~%%,,TI&IIr>cU/$r7r?r9s r;rTableClause._from_objects r r>)rrrrprr0r,r/r7)r@rArBrCr]rr.)dp_fromclause_canonical_column_collection dp_stringrr.implicit_returning_autoincrement_columnrCrrhr r1r4rrrrr`rrErrFrrs@r;rrZ s:N   G G  ",,- $../ =!>(NT    AA  -.  /   -. / & -. J/ Jr>rc\rSrSrS\R 4S\R 4S\R 4S\R 4S\R 4/r\S5r Sr S r S r SS jr S rg ) ForUpdateArgi ofnowaitread skip_locked key_sharecr[U[5(aU$US;agUSLa [5$[S0UD6$)Nr,Tr?)rhr)rGwith_for_updates r;_from_argumentForUpdateArg._from_argument s> o| 4 4" "  -  $> !2/2 2r>c`[U[5=(a URUR:H=(ax URUR:H=(aX URUR:H=(a8 UR UR :H=(a UR UR L$r7)rhrrrrrrrs r;__eq__ForUpdateArg.__eq__ s ul + $  + $ dii' $!!T%5%55 $4>>1  $ DGG#  r>c.URU5(+$r7)rrs r;__ne__ForUpdateArg.__ne__* s;;u%%%r>c[U5$r7)rNr9s r;__hash__ForUpdateArg.__hash__- s $xr>NcXlX lX@lXPlUbP[R "U5Vs/sH(n[ R"[RU5PM* snUl gSUl gs snf)zJRepresents arguments specified to :meth:`_expression.Select.for_update`. N) rrrrr1to_listrrrColumnsClauseRoler)r:rrrrrelems r;rCForUpdateArg.__init__0 si  &" >!LL,,D  !8!8$?,DG DG s/A4)rrrrrFFNFF)r@rArBrCr.rfrrrrrrrrCrFr?r>r;rr s  667 $//0 "--. )445 '223 33 &    r>rc^\rSrSrSrSrSrSrS\R4S\R4S\R4S \R4/r U4S jr\S 5r\S 5r\SS j5r\S5rSr\S5rSrU=r$)ValuesiJ zRepresent a ``VALUES`` construct that can be used as a FROM element in a statement. The :class:`_expression.Values` object is created from the :func:`_expression.values` function. .. versionadded:: 1.4 Trr? _column_args_datarp literal_bindsc>[[U] 5 XlUR SS5UlUR SS5UlUR SLUlg)aCConstruct a :class:`_expression.Values` construct. The column expressions and the actual data for :class:`_expression.Values` are given in two separate steps. The constructor receives the column expressions typically as :func:`_expression.column` constructs, and the data is then passed via the :meth:`_expression.Values.data` method as a list, which can be called multiple times to add more data, e.g.:: from sqlalchemy import column from sqlalchemy import values value_expr = values( column('id', Integer), column('name', String), name="my_values" ).data( [(1, 'name1'), (2, 'name2'), (3, 'name3')] ) :param \*columns: column expressions, typically composed using :func:`_expression.column` objects. :param name: the name for this VALUES construct. If omitted, the VALUES construct will be unnamed in a SQL expression. Different backends may have different requirements here. :param literal_binds: Defaults to False. Whether or not to render the data values inline in the SQL output, rather than using bound parameters. rpNrF)rrrrCrrrprr.)r:rrrs r;rCValues.__init__a sOH fd$&#FF64( VVOU;!%$!6r>cXURVs/sHoRPM sn$s snfr7)rtype)r:rs r; _column_typesValues._column_types s$$($5$56$5S$5666s'c 6XlURSLUlg)aReturn a new :class:`_expression.Values` construct that is a copy of this one with the given name. This method is a VALUES-specific specialization of the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_using_aliases` :func:`_expression.alias` N)rpr.)r:rprs r;rL Values.alias s  !%$!6r>c&SUlUbXlgg)zReturn a new :class:`_expression.Values` with the lateral flag set, so that it renders as LATERAL. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.lateral` TN)rarpros r;rqValues.lateral s   I r>c0U=RU4- slg)a2Return a new :class:`_expression.Values` construct, adding the given data to the data list. E.g.:: my_values = my_values.data([(1, 'value 1'), (2, 'value2')]) :param values: a sequence (i.e. list) of tuples that map to the column expressions given in the :class:`_expression.Values` constructor. N)r)r:rs r;data Values.data s vi r>clURH$nURRU5 XlM& gr7)rrrri)r:rs r;r "Values._populate_column_collection s)""A MM  a G#r>cU/$r7r?r9s r;rValues._from_objects r r>)rrarrpr.r7)r@rArBrCr]r.rrr.rfdp_dml_multi_valuesrrrrCrErrrLrqrr rrFrrs@r;rrJ sN E *@@A #778 ",,- +667 (7T7777$    " r>rcv\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSr\ S5r \ S5r \ S5r \ \ R"S S 5S 55r\ S 5r\ R"S S 5S5r\R&S5r\ R"S S5S5rSrSrSrSSjr\ S5rSSjrSrSSjrSrg) SelectBasei zBase class for SELECT statements. This includes :class:`_expression.Select`, :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect` and :class:`_expression.TextualSelect`. Tc[5er7rVrs r;r.SelectBase._generate_fromclause_column_proxies rjr>c$UR5 gr7)rtrfs r;rh"SelectBase._refresh_for_new_column s   "r>c[5e)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the columns that this SELECT statement or similar construct returns in its result set. This collection differs from the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.columns` collection of a :class:`_expression.FromClause` in that the columns within this collection cannot be directly nested inside another SELECT statement; a subquery must be applied first which provides for the necessary parenthesization required by SQL. .. note:: The :attr:`_sql.SelectBase.selected_columns` collection does not include expressions established in the columns clause using the :func:`_sql.text` construct; these are silently omitted from the collection. To use plain textual column expressions inside of a :class:`_sql.Select` construct, use the :func:`_sql.literal_column` construct. .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.Select.selected_columns` .. versionadded:: 1.4 rVr9s r;selected_columnsSelectBase.selected_columns s 8"##r>c[5e)zA sequence of expressions that correspond to what is rendered in the columns clause, including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. .. versionadded:: 1.4.12 .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.SelectBase.exported_columns` rVr9s r;rX SelectBase._all_selected_columns s "##r>cUR$)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` that represents the "exported" columns of this :class:`_expression.Selectable`, not including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. The "exported" columns for a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` object are synonymous with the :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.selected_columns` collection. .. versionadded:: 1.4 .. seealso:: :attr:`_expression.Select.exported_columns` :attr:`_expression.Selectable.exported_columns` :attr:`_expression.FromClause.exported_columns` )rr9s r;r[SelectBase.exported_columns s.$$$r>rGaThe :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.c` and :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.columns` attributes are deprecated and will be removed in a future release; these attributes implicitly create a subquery that should be explicit. Please call :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` first in order to create a subquery, which then contains this attribute. To access the columns that this SELECT object SELECTs from, use the :attr:`_expression.SelectBase.selected_columns` attribute.c.URR$r7)_implicit_subqueryrr9s r;r SelectBase.c0 s&&...r>cUR$r7)rr9s r;rSelectBase.columnsA s vv r>a The :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.select` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release; this method implicitly creates a subquery that should be explicit. Please call :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` first in order to create a subquery, which then can be selected.c:URR"U0UD6$r7)rrrs r;rSelectBase.selectE s &&--s9b99r>c"UR5$r7rKr9s r;rSelectBase._implicit_subqueryQ s}}r>zThe :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.as_scalar` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please refer to :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.scalar_subquery`.c"UR5$r7)rnr9s r;roSelectBase.as_scalarU s##%%r>c[U5$)a)Return an :class:`_sql.Exists` representation of this selectable, which can be used as a column expression. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_sql.Exists`. .. seealso:: :func:`_sql.exists` :ref:`tutorial_exists` - in the :term:`2.0 style` tutorial. .. versionadded:: 1.4 )Existsr9s r;existsSelectBase.exists_ sd|r>chUR[LaUR[5n[U5$)aReturn a 'scalar' representation of this selectable, which can be used as a column expression. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_sql.ScalarSelect`. Typically, a select statement which has only one column in its columns clause is eligible to be used as a scalar expression. The scalar subquery can then be used in the WHERE clause or columns clause of an enclosing SELECT. Note that the scalar subquery differentiates from the FROM-level subquery that can be produced using the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` method. .. versionchanged: 1.4 - the ``.as_scalar()`` method was renamed to :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.scalar_subquery`. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` - in the 2.0 tutorial ) _label_styler6r ScalarSelectr9s r;rnSelectBase.scalar_subqueryp s/0   $4 4''(89DD!!r>c@UR5RU5$)zReturn a 'scalar' representation of this selectable, embedded as a subquery with a label. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.as_scalar`. )rnlabelros r;rSelectBase.label s##%++D11r>Nc,[RX5$rl)rmrros r;rqSelectBase.lateral s++r>cU/$r7r?r9s r;rSelectBase._from_objects r r>cJ[RUR5U5$)aReturn a subquery of this :class:`_expression.SelectBase`. A subquery is from a SQL perspective a parenthesized, named construct that can be placed in the FROM clause of another SELECT statement. Given a SELECT statement such as:: stmt = select(table.c.id, table.c.name) The above statement might look like:: SELECT table.id, table.name FROM table The subquery form by itself renders the same way, however when embedded into the FROM clause of another SELECT statement, it becomes a named sub-element:: subq = stmt.subquery() new_stmt = select(subq) The above renders as:: SELECT anon_1.id, anon_1.name FROM (SELECT table.id, table.name FROM table) AS anon_1 Historically, :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` is equivalent to calling the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias` method on a FROM object; however, as a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` object is not directly FROM object, the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` method provides clearer semantics. .. versionadded:: 1.4 )rirn_ensure_disambiguated_namesros r;rKSelectBase.subquery s!P""4#C#C#EtLLr>c[5e)zdEnsure that the names generated by this selectbase will be disambiguated in some way, if possible. rVr9s r;r"&SelectBase._ensure_disambiguated_names s "##r>c URUS9$)aReturn a named subquery against this :class:`_expression.SelectBase`. For a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` (as opposed to a :class:`_expression.FromClause`), this returns a :class:`.Subquery` object which behaves mostly the same as the :class:`_expression.Alias` object that is used with a :class:`_expression.FromClause`. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 The :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.alias` method is now a synonym for the :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.subquery` method. r(rrs r;rLSelectBase.alias s}}$}''r>r?r7r,)r@rArBrCr]r` is_selectrrhrErrXr[r1rrrrrr1rrorrnrrqrrKr"rLrFr?r>r;rr s8 I$#$$: $ $%%0 __   / / __  2::##$ __  :&&"": 2 ,(MT$(r>rc\rSrSrSrSrS\R4/rSr Sr Sr Sr S r \S 5r\S 5rSS jrSrSrSr\S5r\S5r\S5rSrg )SelectStatementGroupingi zRepresent a grouping of a :class:`_expression.SelectBase`. This differs from :class:`.Subquery` in that we are still an "inner" SELECT statement, this is strictly for grouping inside of compound selects. select_statement_groupingrTcX[R"[RU5Ulgr7)rrrrkrr}s r;rC SelectStatementGrouping.__init__ s ''(A(A7K r>clURR5nXRLa [U5$U$r7)rr"r*)r: new_elements r;r"3SelectStatementGrouping._ensure_disambiguated_names s.ll>>@ ll **;7 7Kr>cUR$r7rr9s r;get_label_style'SelectStatementGrouping.get_label_style s   r>cJ[URRU55$r7)r*rr)r: label_styles r;r'SelectStatementGrouping.set_label_style s!& LL ( ( 5  r>c.URR$r7)rrr9s r;r$SelectStatementGrouping._label_style rr>cUR$r7rr9s r;select_statement(SelectStatementGrouping.select_statement s ||r>NcU$r7r?rUs r;r?"SelectStatementGrouping.self_group  r>c8URRU5$r7)r_generate_columns_plus_names)r:anon_for_dupe_keys r;rA4SelectStatementGrouping._generate_columns_plus_names s||889JKKr>c:URRU5 gr7r)r:rKs r;r;SelectStatementGrouping._generate_fromclause_column_proxies s 88Br>c8URRU5$r7)r_generate_proxy_for_new_column)r:rgrKs r;rG6SelectStatementGrouping._generate_proxy_for_new_column s||::8DDr>c.URR$r7)rrXr9s r;rX-SelectStatementGrouping._all_selected_columns# s||111r>c.URR$)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the columns that the embedded SELECT statement returns in its result set, not including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. .. versionadded:: 1.4 .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.Select.selected_columns` )rrr9s r;r(SelectStatementGrouping.selected_columns' s||,,,r>c.URR$r7rr9s r;r%SelectStatementGrouping._from_objects7 rr>rr7)r@rArBrCr]rr.rr_is_select_containerrCr"r3rrErr;r?rArrGrXrrrFr?r>r;r*r* s1N%'8'I'IJKL! ))LCE22 - -**r>r*c|\rSrSrSr\R "SS5S5r\R "SS5S5rSr g ) DeprecatedSelectBaseGenerationsi< zA collection of methods available on :class:`_sql.Select` and :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect`, these are all **deprecated** methods as they modify the object in-place. rGzThe :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.append_order_by` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.order_by`.c>URR"U/UQ76 g)alAppend the given ORDER BY criterion applied to this selectable. The criterion will be appended to any pre-existing ORDER BY criterion. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.order_by` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.order_by` N)order_bynon_generativer:clausess r;append_order_by/DeprecatedSelectBaseGenerations.append_order_byC s, $$T4G4r>zThe :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.append_group_by` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.group_by`.c>URR"U/UQ76 g)a,Append the given GROUP BY criterion applied to this selectable. The criterion will be appended to any pre-existing GROUP BY criterion. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.GenerativeSelect.group_by` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)group_byrTrUs r;append_group_by/DeprecatedSelectBaseGenerations.append_group_by[ s& $$T4G4r>r?N) r@rArBrCr]r1rrWr[rFr?r>r;rQrQ< sQ  __  955" __  9 5 5r>rQc\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSr Sr Sr \ R"SS9\SSSSSS4Sj5r\S S j5rS rS r\ R("S S S9S5r\S5r\S5rS!SjrSr\S5rSr\S5r\S5r\S5r\S"Sj5r \S5r!\\ RD"S5S55r#\S5r$\S5r%Sr&g)#GenerativeSelectiq aBase class for SELECT statements where additional elements can be added. This serves as the base for :class:`_expression.Select` and :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect` where elements such as ORDER BY, GROUP BY can be added and column rendering can be controlled. Compare to :class:`_expression.TextualSelect`, which, while it subclasses :class:`_expression.SelectBase` and is also a SELECT construct, represents a fixed textual string which cannot be altered at this level, only wrapped as a subquery. r?N)rz^The :paramref:`_sql.select.bind` argument is deprecated and will be removed in SQLAlchemy 2.0.)rFcU(a0[R(a[R"SSS9 [nXlUbUR R X5 UbURR X5 Ub1URR "U/[R"U5Q76 Ub1URR "U/[R"U5Q76 Xpl g)NzThe use_labels=True keyword argument to GenerativeSelect is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0. Please use select.set_label_style(LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL) if you need to replicate this legacy behavior. stacklevel) r1SQLALCHEMY_WARN_20warn_deprecated_20r7rlimitrToffsetrSrrZ_bind)r:r use_labelsrerfrSrZrs r;rCGenerativeSelect.__init__ s" &&''E ! :L(   JJ % %d 2   KK & &t 4   MM ( ( G X0F G   MM ( ( G X0F G r>c([UUUUUS9Ulg)aSpecify a ``FOR UPDATE`` clause for this :class:`_expression.GenerativeSelect`. E.g.:: stmt = select(table).with_for_update(nowait=True) On a database like PostgreSQL or Oracle, the above would render a statement like:: SELECT table.a, table.b FROM table FOR UPDATE NOWAIT on other backends, the ``nowait`` option is ignored and instead would produce:: SELECT table.a, table.b FROM table FOR UPDATE When called with no arguments, the statement will render with the suffix ``FOR UPDATE``. Additional arguments can then be provided which allow for common database-specific variants. :param nowait: boolean; will render ``FOR UPDATE NOWAIT`` on Oracle and PostgreSQL dialects. :param read: boolean; will render ``LOCK IN SHARE MODE`` on MySQL, ``FOR SHARE`` on PostgreSQL. On PostgreSQL, when combined with ``nowait``, will render ``FOR SHARE NOWAIT``. :param of: SQL expression or list of SQL expression elements (typically :class:`_schema.Column` objects or a compatible expression) which will render into a ``FOR UPDATE OF`` clause; supported by PostgreSQL and Oracle. May render as a table or as a column depending on backend. :param skip_locked: boolean, will render ``FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED`` on Oracle and PostgreSQL dialects or ``FOR SHARE SKIP LOCKED`` if ``read=True`` is also specified. :param key_share: boolean, will render ``FOR NO KEY UPDATE``, or if combined with ``read=True`` will render ``FOR KEY SHARE``, on the PostgreSQL dialect. )rrrrrN)r_for_update_arg)r:rrrrrs r;r GenerativeSelect.with_for_update s!l ,#  r>cUR$)z; Retrieve the current label style. .. versionadded:: 1.4 r2r9s r;r3 GenerativeSelect.get_label_style s   r>cPURULaUR5nXlU$)agReturn a new selectable with the specified label style. There are three "label styles" available, :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY`, :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL`, and :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_NONE`. The default style is :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY`. In modern SQLAlchemy, there is not generally a need to change the labeling style, as per-expression labels are more effectively used by making use of the :meth:`_sql.ColumnElement.label` method. In past versions, :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL` was used to disambiguate same-named columns from different tables, aliases, or subqueries; the newer :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY` now applies labels only to names that conflict with an existing name so that the impact of this labeling is minimal. The rationale for disambiguation is mostly so that all column expressions are available from a given :attr:`_sql.FromClause.c` collection when a subquery is created. .. versionadded:: 1.4 - the :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.set_label_style` method replaces the previous combination of ``.apply_labels()``, ``.with_labels()`` and ``use_labels=True`` methods and/or parameters. .. seealso:: :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DISAMBIGUATE_ONLY` :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_TABLENAME_PLUS_COL` :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_NONE` :data:`_sql.LABEL_STYLE_DEFAULT` )r _generater:styles r;r GenerativeSelect.set_label_style s*L   E )>>#D %  r>z*:meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.apply_labels`zc`[R"[RUR5$)z9ClauseList access to group_by_clauses for legacy dialects)r'_construct_rawrcomma_op_group_by_clausesr9s r;_group_by_clause!GenerativeSelect._group_by_clause.(((    6 6  r>c`[R"[RUR5$)z9ClauseList access to order_by_clauses for legacy dialects)r'rxrry_order_by_clausesr9s r;_order_by_clause!GenerativeSelect._order_by_clause5r}r>cJ[R"[RXUS9$)zConvert the given value to an "offset or limit" clause. This handles incoming integers and converts to an expression; if an expression is already given, it is passed through. )rptype_)rrrLimitOffsetRole)r:rrprs r;_offset_or_limit_clause(GenerativeSelect._offset_or_limit_clause<s$  ! !7U  r>cUcgURn[R"U5$![a6n[R"[ R "SU-5US9 SnAgSnAff=f)zConvert the "offset or limit" clause of a select construct to an integer. This is only possible if the value is stored as a simple bound parameter. Otherwise, a compilation error is raised. Nz@This SELECT structure does not use a simple integer value for %s)replace_context)r<r1asintAttributeErrorraise_r0 CompileError)r:clauseattrnamevalueerrs r;_offset_or_limit_clause_asint.GenerativeSelect._offset_or_limit_clause_asintGsk > %..E::e$ $  KK  +-56!$   s ( A(,A##A(c:URURS5$)zGet an integer value for the limit. This should only be used by code that cannot support a limit as a BindParameter or other custom clause as it will throw an exception if the limit isn't currently set to an integer. re)r _limit_clauser9s r;_limitGenerativeSelect._limit^s11$2D2DgNNr>c"[U[5$)z[True if the clause is a simple integer, False if it is not present or is a SQL expression. )rhr4r:rs r;_simple_int_clause#GenerativeSelect._simple_int_clausehs&"344r>c:URURS5$)zGet an integer value for the offset. This should only be used by code that cannot support an offset as a BindParameter or other custom clause as it will throw an exception if the offset isn't currently set to an integer. rf)r_offset_clauser9s r;_offsetGenerativeSelect._offsetns"11     r>crURSL=(d# URSL=(d URSL$r7)rr _fetch_clauser9s r;_has_row_limiting_clause)GenerativeSelect._has_row_limiting_clausezs=   d * .""$. .!!- r>cLS=UlUlURU5Ulg)aReturn a new selectable with the given LIMIT criterion applied. This is a numerical value which usually renders as a ``LIMIT`` expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't support ``LIMIT`` will attempt to provide similar functionality. .. note:: The :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.limit` method will replace any clause applied with :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch`. .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - :meth:`_expression.Select.limit` can now accept arbitrary SQL expressions as well as integer values. :param limit: an integer LIMIT parameter, or a SQL expression that provides an integer result. Pass ``None`` to reset it. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch` :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.offset` N)r_fetch_clause_optionsrr)r:res r;reGenerativeSelect.limits':;?>T7!99%@r>cvSUlUcS=UlUlgURU5UlUUS.Ulg)aReturn a new selectable with the given FETCH FIRST criterion applied. This is a numeric value which usually renders as ``FETCH {FIRST | NEXT} [ count ] {ROW | ROWS} {ONLY | WITH TIES}`` expression in the resulting select. This functionality is is currently implemented for Oracle, PostgreSQL, MSSQL. Use :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.offset` to specify the offset. .. note:: The :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch` method will replace any clause applied with :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.limit`. .. versionadded:: 1.4 :param count: an integer COUNT parameter, or a SQL expression that provides an integer result. When ``percent=True`` this will represent the percentage of rows to return, not the absolute value. Pass ``None`` to reset it. :param with_ties: When ``True``, the WITH TIES option is used to return any additional rows that tie for the last place in the result set according to the ``ORDER BY`` clause. The ``ORDER BY`` may be mandatory in this case. Defaults to ``False`` :param percent: When ``True``, ``count`` represents the percentage of the total number of selected rows to return. Defaults to ``False`` .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.limit` :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.offset` N) with_tiespercent)rrrr)r:countrrs r;fetchGenerativeSelect.fetchsEP" =>B BD !;!%!=!=e!DD &"*D &r>c0URU5Ulg)aaReturn a new selectable with the given OFFSET criterion applied. This is a numeric value which usually renders as an ``OFFSET`` expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't support ``OFFSET`` will attempt to provide similar functionality. .. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 - :meth:`_expression.Select.offset` can now accept arbitrary SQL expressions as well as integer values. :param offset: an integer OFFSET parameter, or a SQL expression that provides an integer result. Pass ``None`` to reset it. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.limit` :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch` N)rr)r:rfs r;rfGenerativeSelect.offsets4#::6Br>rtc[RRnS=UlUlUR UR URX5uUlUlg)abApply LIMIT / OFFSET to this statement based on a slice. The start and stop indices behave like the argument to Python's built-in :func:`range` function. This method provides an alternative to using ``LIMIT``/``OFFSET`` to get a slice of the query. For example, :: stmt = select(User).order_by(User.id).slice(1, 3) renders as .. sourcecode:: sql SELECT users.id AS users_id, users.name AS users_name FROM users ORDER BY users.id LIMIT ? OFFSET ? (2, 1) .. note:: The :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.slice` method will replace any clause applied with :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch`. .. versionadded:: 1.4 Added the :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.slice` method generalized from the ORM. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.limit` :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.offset` :meth:`_sql.GenerativeSelect.fetch` N)r1rvrwrr _make_slicerr)r:startstoprws r;sliceGenerativeSelect.slicesRR>>**:>>T72:2F2F    3 3U3 /D/r>c[U5S:XaUScSUlgU=R[SU55- slg)a%Return a new selectable with the given list of ORDER BY criteria applied. e.g.:: stmt = select(table).order_by(table.c.id, table.c.name) Calling this method multiple times is equivalent to calling it once with all the clauses concatenated. All existing ORDER BY criteria may be cancelled by passing ``None`` by itself. New ORDER BY criteria may then be added by invoking :meth:`_orm.Query.order_by` again, e.g.:: # will erase all ORDER BY and ORDER BY new_col alone stmt = stmt.order_by(None).order_by(new_col) :param \*clauses: a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` constructs which will be used to generate an ORDER BY clause. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_order_by` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` :ref:`tutorial_order_by_label` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` rrNr?c3l# UH*n[R"[RU5v M, g7fr7)rrr OrderByRolerrs r;r,GenerativeSelect.order_by..?-,%F  !2!2F;;%24)rrrrUs r;rSGenerativeSelect.order_bysF: w<1 !3%'D "  " "e,%,'  "r>c[U5S:XaUScSUlgU=R[SU55- slg)aReturn a new selectable with the given list of GROUP BY criterion applied. All existing GROUP BY settings can be suppressed by passing ``None``. e.g.:: stmt = select(table.c.name, func.max(table.c.stat)).\ group_by(table.c.name) :param \*clauses: a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` constructs which will be used to generate an GROUP BY clause. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_group_by_w_aggregates` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` :ref:`tutorial_order_by_label` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` rrNr?c3l# UH*n[R"[RU5v M, g7fr7)rrr GroupByRolers r;r,GenerativeSelect.group_by..`rr)rrzrrUs r;rZGenerativeSelect.group_byDsF2 w<1 !3%'D "  " "e,%,'  "r>) rgrrrkrzrrrrrr-)FF)'r@rArBrCr]rrzrrrrrkr1r3LABEL_STYLE_DEFAULTrCrrr3rrrurEr{rrrrrrrrerrfrrrSrZrFr?r>r;r^r^q s MNM O  ) ""H   ; ; z!)V 4 D  D     %.OO5       AA>//bCC6 ./+ 0+ Z""Hr>r^defaultcompound_selectc8\rSrSr\R S5rSrg)CompoundSelectStateifcURR5nSUl[SUR55nX"U4$)NFc3<# UHoRU4v M g7fr7rrYs r;r:CompoundSelectState._label_resolve_dict..ms6%5%%%5r]) statementrKr.dictr)r:hacky_subqueryds r;_label_resolve_dict'CompoundSelectState._label_resolve_dicths=002+0( 6^%5%56 6Qwr>r?N)r@rArBrCr1r4rrFr?r>r;rrfs r>rc ^\rSrSrSrSrS\R4S\R4S\R4S\R4S\R4S \R4S \R4S \R4S \R4/ \ R-r \R"S 5r\R"S5r\R"S5r\R"S5r\R"S5r\R"S5rSrSr\S5r\S5r\S5r\S5r\S5r\S5rSrS+Sjr Sr!Sr"Sr#S r$U4S!jr%\&S"5r'\&S#5r(\&\RR"S$S%S&S'9S(55r*\*RVS)5r*S*r,U=r-$),CompoundSelectiqa4Forms the basis of ``UNION``, ``UNION ALL``, and other SELECT-based set operations. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.union` :func:`_expression.union_all` :func:`_expression.intersect` :func:`_expression.intersect_all` :func:`_expression.except` :func:`_expression.except_all` rselectsrrrrrrzrkkeywordUNIONz UNION ALLEXCEPTz EXCEPT ALL INTERSECTz INTERSECT ALLTchURSS5UlXlUVs/sH5n[R"[ R U5RUS9PM7 snUlU(a*[R(a[R"SSS9 [R"U40UD6 gs snf)NrFr=zSet functions such as union(), union_all(), extract(), etc. in SQLAlchemy 2.0 will accept a series of SELECT statements only. Please use generative methods such as order_by() for additional modifications to this CompoundSelect.r`ra)r_auto_correlaterrrrCompoundElementRoler?rr1rcrdr^rC)r:rrrNss r;rCCompoundSelect.__init__s%zz+u=      U66 : E E F     d--  # #C    !!$1&1# sc<[[R/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a ``UNION ALL`` of multiple selectables. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`. A similar :func:`union_all()` method is available on all :class:`_expression.FromClause` subclasses. :param \*selects: a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances. :param \**kwargs: available keyword arguments are the same as those of :func:`select`. )r UNION_ALLrs r;_create_union_all CompoundSelect._create_union_alls$n66KKFKKr>c<[[R/UQ70UD6$)aReturn an ``EXCEPT`` of multiple selectables. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`. :param \*selects: a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances. :param \**kwargs: available keyword arguments are the same as those of :func:`select`. )rrrs r;_create_exceptCompoundSelect._create_exceptsn33HgHHHr>c<[[R/UQ70UD6$)a!Return an ``EXCEPT ALL`` of multiple selectables. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`. :param \*selects: a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances. :param \**kwargs: available keyword arguments are the same as those of :func:`select`. )r EXCEPT_ALLrs r;_create_except_all!CompoundSelect._create_except_allsn77L'LVLLr>c<[[R/UQ70UD6$)a Return an ``INTERSECT`` of multiple selectables. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`. :param \*selects: a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances. :param \**kwargs: available keyword arguments are the same as those of :func:`select`. )rrrs r;_create_intersect CompoundSelect._create_intersectsn66KKFKKr>c<[[R/UQ70UD6$)a$Return an ``INTERSECT ALL`` of multiple selectables. The returned object is an instance of :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`. :param \*selects: a list of :class:`_expression.Select` instances. :param \**kwargs: available keyword arguments are the same as those of :func:`select`. )r INTERSECT_ALLrs r;_create_intersect_all$CompoundSelect._create_intersect_allsn::OWOOOr>c<URSR5$Nr)r _scalar_typer9s r;rCompoundSelect._scalar_types||A++--r>c[U5$r7)r*rUs r;r?CompoundSelect.self_group"s &t,,r>cZURHnURU5(dM g gNTF)rr)r:rrs r;rCompoundSelect.is_derived_from%s)A  ,,r>cURULaFUR5nURSRU5nU/URSS-UlU$Nrr)rrpr_set_label_style)r:rrselect_0s r;rCompoundSelect._set_label_style+sR   E )>>#D||A77>H$: QR(88DL r>cURSR5nXRSLa(UR5nU/URSS-UlU$r)rr"rp)r: new_selects r;r"*CompoundSelect._ensure_disambiguated_names3sP\\!_@@B \\!_ ,>>#D&<$,,qr*::DL r>c URSnUR[LaURUR5nUR U5 [ UR R[ URVs/sHo3RPM sn65H>upE[U5VVs/sHupgURSUS-05PM snnUl M@ gs snfs snnf)Nrweightr) rrrrrzipr _all_columnsr enumerate _annotate_proxies)r:rKrrsubq_col select_colsirs r;r2CompoundSelect._generate_fromclause_column_proxies;s<<?   $7 7//0A0ABH44X>&) JJ # # dll;l$$l; <& !H ( 4!4FQ Xq1u-.4!H  & ;!s <C,"C!ct>[[U] U5 URHnURU5 M gr7)rrrrhr)r:rgrrs r;rh&CompoundSelect._refresh_for_new_column[s. nd;FCllF  * *6 2#r>c4URSR$r)rrXr9s r;rX$CompoundSelect._all_selected_columns`s||A444r>c4URSR$)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the columns that this SELECT statement or similar construct returns in its result set, not including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. For a :class:`_expression.CompoundSelect`, the :attr:`_expression.CompoundSelect.selected_columns` attribute returns the selected columns of the first SELECT statement contained within the series of statements within the set operation. .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.Select.selected_columns` .. versionadded:: 1.4 r)rrr9s r;rCompoundSelect.selected_columnsds(||A///r>rrFrcUR(a UR$URHnURnU(dMUs $ g)Returns the :class:`_engine.Engine` or :class:`_engine.Connection` to which this :class:`.Executable` is bound, or None if none found. N)rgrr)r:res r;rCompoundSelect.bindzs; :::: AAq r>cXlgr7rgr:rs r;rr r>)rrgrrr7).r@rArBrCr]rr.rfr dp_plain_dictrr %_clone_annotations_traverse_internalsrr1symbolrrrrrrrrCrrrrrrrrr?rrr"rrhrErXrrrsetterrFrrs@r;rrqs*('N %;;< +<<= ,==> +<<= "3"A"AB /EEF /EEF ->>? %//0  !FF G KK E K(I [[ "F\*J K(IKK0M2,HH&LL&II MM LL PP .- @3 5500* "K    [[r>rcD\rSrSrSr\R "SS5S5r\R "SS5S5r\R "SS5S 5r \R "SS 5S 5r \R "SS 5S 5r \R "SS5S5r Sr g)DeprecatedSelectGenerationsizA collection of methods available on :class:`_sql.Select`, these are all **deprecated** methods as they modify the :class:`_sql.Select` object in -place. rGzThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_correlation` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`.c:URRX5 g)zAppend the given correlation expression to this select() construct. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)rrTrs r;append_correlation.DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_correlations$ %%d7r>zThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_column` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.add_columns`.c:URRX5 g)a/Append the given column expression to the columns clause of this select() construct. E.g.:: my_select.append_column(some_table.c.new_column) This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.add_columns` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N) add_columnsrTrfs r;r)DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_columns( ''5r>zThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_prefix` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.prefix_with`.c:URRX5 g)zAppend the given columns clause prefix expression to this select() construct. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.prefix_with` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)rrTrs r; append_prefix)DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_prefixs ''5r>zThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_whereclause` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.where`.c:URRX5 g)a$Append the given expression to this select() construct's WHERE criterion. The expression will be joined to existing WHERE criterion via AND. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.where` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)whererT)r:rs r;append_whereclause.DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_whereclauses& !!$4r>zThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_having` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.having`.c:URRX5 g)a'Append the given expression to this select() construct's HAVING criterion. The expression will be joined to existing HAVING criterion via AND. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.having` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)havingrTr:r/s r; append_having)DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_havings& ""40r>zThe :meth:`_expression.Select.append_from` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use the generative method :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from`.c:URRX5 g)aAppend the given :class:`_expression.FromClause` expression to this select() construct's FROM clause. This is an **in-place** mutation method; the :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` method is preferred, as it provides standard :term:`method chaining`. N)rrTrs r; append_from'DeprecatedSelectGenerations.append_froms ''9r>r?N)r@rArBrCr]r1rr"rr(r,r1r4rFr?r>r;r r s  __  7 8 8 __  9 6  6  __  9 6  6 __  3 5 5 __  4 1  1 __  9 :  :r>r rc6\rSrSrSr"SS\5rSr\S5r \S5r \S5r \S 5r \S 5r S r\SS j5rSSjrSr\S5r\S5rSr\R,"S5S5r\R,"S5S5rSrg ) SelectStatei) from_clausesfromscolumns_plus_namesrc\rSrSr/rSrg)*SelectState.default_select_compile_optionsir?N)r@rArBrC_cache_key_traversalrFr?r>r;default_select_compile_optionsr<s!r>r>c jXlURUlURH)nUR URUR 5 M+ UR(a&UR URUR 5 UR U5UlURS5Ul gr) r _from_objr8_memoized_select_entities _setup_joins _raw_columns _get_fromsr9rAr:)r:rcompilerrmemoized_entitiess r;rCSelectState.__init__s"%//!*!D!D    !..0A0N0N "E  ! !   i44i6L6L M__Y/ "+"H"H"Nr>c[S5e)NzLThe default SELECT construct without plugins does not implement this method.rV)rGs r;_plugin_not_implemented#SelectState._plugin_not_implemented/s! %  r>c URS5VVVs/sHup#p$nUURUS.PM snnn$s snnnf)NF)rprr)rAr)rGr_rprs r;get_column_descriptions#SelectState.get_column_descriptions6sP66u=  >'Q    >   s9c$UR5 gr7)rI)rGrfrom_statements r;rPSelectState.from_statementCs ##%r>cUR[RRSUR555$)Nc38# UHoRv M g7fr7r)rrs r;r7SelectState.get_columns_clause_froms..Js*5K'%%5Kr)_normalize_fromsrarb from_iterablerC)rGrs r;get_columns_clause_froms$SelectState.get_columns_clause_fromsGs:## OO ) )*5>5K5K*   r>cl^^^^U[LmU[Lm[5m[5mSUUUU4SjjnU$)Ncz>UR(agT(dURnUcSnU$T(a URO URnUc/SnUT;aURU5T-$TR U5 U$UT;a%T(aUR T-$UR T-$TR U5 U$)N _no_label)_is_text_clause _proxy_keyr\ _anon_labelr_anon_tq_key_label_anon_key_label)rcol_namerprnamespatable_qualifieds r;go1SelectState._column_naming_convention..goXs  ||<&D &51??1<r7)r7r6r r)rGr6rerrbrcrds @@@@r;_column_naming_convention%SelectState._column_naming_conventionOs;&)GG$44    < r>c ~UR[R"[RRURVs/sHnUR PM sn5[RRUR Vs/sHnUR PM sn5UR5US9$s snfs snf)N)check_statement)rUrarbrVrCr_where_criteriar8)r:rrs r;rDSelectState._get_fromsxs$$ OO--(1'='='=G --'= --(1'@'@'@G --'@ !! &!%   s B5B:Nc 2[5n/nUHnUR(a%URULa[R"S5eUR UR 5(aM[URU5 URUR 5 M U(al[[RRUVs/sHn[UR5PM sn55nU(aUVs/sH ofU;dM UPM nnU$s snfs snf)agiven an iterable of things to select FROM, reduce them to what would actually render in the FROM clause of a SELECT. This does the job of checking for JOINs, tables, etc. that are in fact overlapping due to cloning, adaption, present in overlapping joins, etc. -select() construct refers to itself as a FROM)rrzrr0InvalidRequestErrorrrrr`rarbrVrr/)rGiterable_of_fromsrjseenr9itemrvtoremoves r;rUSelectState._normalize_fromssu%D  T\\_%D--C$$T%5%566 T" D,,-& --E? C @sD 8 DDc URnURR(aSURRnU(a6UVs/sH)nU[[X1=(d S5U5;dM'UPM+ nnURRbJUVs/sH=nU[ [X1=(d S5URR5;dM;UPM? nnURR (alU(ae[U5S:aVUVs/sHnU[X25;dMUPM nn[U5(d#[R"SUR-5eU$s snfs snfs snf)zReturn the full list of 'from' clauses to be displayed. Takes into account a set of existing froms which may be rendered in the FROM clause of enclosing selects; this Select may want to leave those absent if it is automatically correlating. r?rzSelect statement '%r' returned no FROM clauses due to auto-correlation; specify correlate() to control correlation manually.) r9r _correlater_correlate_exceptrrrr0ro)r:explicit_correlate_fromsimplicit_correlate_fromsr9 to_correlatervs r;_get_display_fromsSelectState._get_display_fromssn  >> $ $>>44L# "/,!#Ar% "  >> + + 7 A)(=2NN44    NN * *(E Q A+ELM u::-- #'.. 1 c  $s$ &E%3E%:E*E*E/(E/c[SURR55n[S[UR555nUR 5nUR 5HupEURXE5 M XU4$)Nc3# UH9nUR(dMUR=(d URU4v M; g7fr7)_allow_label_resolve _tq_labelrrYs r;rASelectState._memoized_attr__label_resolve_dict..s4 9%% &Q[[ !AEE1 %9s A(Ac3d# UH&nUR(dMURU4v M( g7fr7)rrrYs r;rrs* 2%% QUUAJ2s00)rrrXrr9copyitems setdefault)r: with_cols only_froms only_colsrrs r;"_memoized_attr__label_resolve_dict.SelectState._memoized_attr__label_resolve_dicts ^^99   &tzz2  NN$ $**,JC   ,-i//r>cJUR(aURSS$g)Nr)rB)rGstmts r;determine_last_joined_entity(SelectState.determine_last_joined_entitys$   $$R(+ +r>cV[UR5Vs/sHo"PM sn$s snfr7)rrC)rGrrs r;all_selected_columns SelectState.all_selected_columns s',Y-C-CDEDaDEEEs &c TUHup4pVUSnUSnUcURX%X45unn OURU5n U bGURU n URSU [U UUUUS94-URU S-S-UlMUR[XSXGUS94-UlM g)NrrrFr)"_join_determine_implicit_left_side_join_place_explicit_left_sider8r) r:rM raw_columnsrrr:flagsrrreplace_from_obj_index left_clauses r;rBSelectState._setup_joinss.2 *UdI&G=D|;;u* ,0+N+N,'&1#//0FG %%&='=>'!$$+!%  ''(>(B(DE F!%)$5$5hdK9%!I/3r>rtc 2[RRnSnURnU(a+UR XsU5n[ U5S:Xa USnXvnO0n UR n [R"[RRUV s/sHoRPM sn 5[RRU RV s/sHn U RPM sn 55Hn SX'M [U R55n UR XU5n[ U5S:XaXSn[ U5S:a[R"S5eU(d[R"SU<S35eX&4$s sn fs sn f)zWhen join conditions don't express the left side explicitly, determine if an existing FROM or entity in this query can serve as the left hand side. Nrrr?aCan't determine which FROM clause to join from, there are multiple FROMS which can join to this entity. Please use the .select_from() method to establish an explicit left side, as well as providing an explicit ON clause if not present already to help resolve the ambiguity.zDon't know how to join to z. Please use the .select_from() method to establish an explicit left side, as well as providing an explicit ON clause if not present already to help resolve the ambiguity.)r1rvrwr8find_left_clause_to_join_fromrrrarbrVrrkrkeysr0ro)r:rr:rrrwrr8indexes potentialrr from_clause all_clausess r;r.SelectState._join_determine_implicit_left_side9s>>**!%(( <<XG7|q )0&#;II(--:EF+w**+F--(1'@'@'@G --'@  *, & y~~/0K<<HG7|q "1:. w>**DNNAACD BB!!4GG w)r:r8r9rr7r-)r@rArBrC __slots__rr>rCrrIrMrPrWrgrDrUr{rrrrBr1rrrrFr?r>r;r7r7s!I")9"O       &&  &&P (!!HGKBH0" FF'R ./C,0C,J ./&0&r>r7c\rSrSrSrSrg)_SelectFromElementsic## [5nURH2nURHnX1;aM URU5 Uv M! M4 URH2nURHnX1;aM URU5 Uv M! M4 UR HnX!;aM URU5 Uv M! g7fr7)rrCrrrkr@)r:rqrfrs r;r*_SelectFromElements._iterate_from_elementssu((G++:  ,) ++G++:  ,, ~~G HHW M &sB?Cr?N)r@rArBrCrrFr?r>r;rrsr>rc\rSrSrSrS\R 4S\R4S\R4S\R4/r \ Rr Sr \S5rS rg ) _MemoizedSelectEntitiesimemoized_select_entitiesrCrB_legacy_setup_joins _with_optionsc URRUR5nURR5VVs0sHup4X4_M snnUlURR SU5UlU$s snnf)N _is_clone_of)rrr rgetr)r:rrkvs r;r _MemoizedSelectEntities._clonese NN " "4>> 2'+}}':':'<='4@>sA=clUR(d"UR(dUR(a[5nURUlURUlURUlURUlU=R U4- slS=Ul=Ul=UlUlggr)rBrrrrCrA)rG select_stmtr:s r;_generate_for_statement/_MemoizedSelectEntities._generate_for_statements  $ $..((*,D + 8 8D  + 8 8D '2'F'FD $!,!:!:D   1 1dW < 1 -/  /K $ /( //))r>)rrCrBrN)r@rArBrCrr.rfdp_setup_join_tupledp_executable_optionsrr1 EMPTY_DICT _annotationsr rrrFr?r>r;rrss0N *@@A *>>?  1 E EF +AAB ??L//r>rc^\rSrSrSrSrSrSrSrSr Sr Sr Sr Sr SrSrSr\R$rS\R*4S \R,4S \R*4S \R.4S \R.4S \R.4S\R.4S\R04S\R04S\R.4S\R.4S\R24S\R24S\R24S\R44S\R24S\R64S\R.4S\R84/\R<-\R@-\!RD-\#RH-\%RL-\'RP-r)\)S\RT4/-r+\,S5r-\,\.R^"SS5SYSj55r0\,S 5r1\1r2\,S!5r3\,S"5r4S#r5S$r6S%r7S&r8S'r9\:S(5r;S)r<\=SZS*j5r>S[S+jr?\=SZS,j5r@S[S-jrAS.rB\:\.R^"S/S05S155rC\:S25rD\:S35rES4rF\G4U4S5jjrHU4S6jrI\=S75rJS8rK\.R^"S9S:5S;5rL\.R"S<5S\S=j5rN\=S>5rO\:S?5rP\PrQ\=S@5rR\=SA5rS\=SB5rT\=SC5rU\=SD5rV\=SE5rW\XRSF5rZ\XRSG5r[SHr\S]SIjr]SJr^SKr_S]SLjr`SMraSNrbSOrcSPrdSQreSRrf\:\.R"SSSTSSU9SV55rh\hRSW5rhSXrjU=rk$)^rIiaRepresents a ``SELECT`` statement. The :class:`_sql.Select` object is normally constructed using the :func:`_sql.select` function. See that function for details. .. seealso:: :func:`_sql.select` :ref:`tutorial_selecting_data` - in the 2.0 tutorial rr?FNTrCrAr@rk_having_criteriarrzrBrrvrwrrrrrk _distinct _distinct_onr_compile_optionscxU(dU(a[R"U/UQ70UD6$[R"U6$r7)rIrJ_create_select)rGtargetentitiesrrs r;r%Select._create_select_from_fromclause/s3 "..xD#DD D(((3 3r>rzThe legacy calling style of :func:`_sql.select` is deprecated and will be removed in SQLAlchemy 2.0. Please use the new calling style described at :func:`_sql.select`.c URU5n XjlUSLaRUSLaU RRU 5 O1U RR"U /[R "U5Q76 Ub1U R R"U /[R "U5Q76 [U5n W (a:UV s/sH&n [R"[RXS9PM( sn U lO/U lUbU R"RX5 UbU R$RX5 U(aU R'U5 U(aU R)U5 [*R,"U 40U D6 U $![a3n [R"[R"SSS9U S9 Sn A GNSn A ff=fs sn f) aMConstruct a new :class:`_expression.Select` using the 1.x style API. This method is called implicitly when the :func:`_expression.select` construct is used and the first argument is a Python list or other plain sequence object, which is taken to refer to the columns collection. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 Added the :meth:`.Select.create_legacy_select` constructor which documents the calling style in use when the :func:`.select` construct is invoked using 1.x-style arguments. Similar functionality is also available via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.select` method on any :class:`_expression.FromClause`. All arguments which accept :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` arguments also accept string arguments, which will be converted as appropriate into either :func:`_expression.text()` or :func:`_expression.literal_column()` constructs. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_selecting_data` - in the :ref:`unified_tutorial` :param columns: A list of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` or :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects which will form the columns clause of the resulting statement. For those objects that are instances of :class:`_expression.FromClause` (typically :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`_expression.Alias` objects), the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.c` collection is extracted to form a collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects. This parameter will also accept :class:`_expression.TextClause` constructs as given, as well as ORM-mapped classes. .. note:: The :paramref:`_expression.select.columns` parameter is not available in the method form of :func:`_expression.select`, e.g. :meth:`_expression.FromClause.select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.column` :meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns` :param whereclause: A :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` expression which will be used to form the ``WHERE`` clause. It is typically preferable to add WHERE criterion to an existing :class:`_expression.Select` using method chaining with :meth:`_expression.Select.where`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.where` :param from_obj: A list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` objects which will be added to the ``FROM`` clause of the resulting statement. This is equivalent to calling :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` using method chaining on an existing :class:`_expression.Select` object. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` - full description of explicit FROM clause specification. :param bind=None: an :class:`_engine.Engine` or :class:`_engine.Connection` instance to which the resulting :class:`_expression.Select` object will be bound. The :class:`_expression.Select` object will otherwise automatically bind to whatever :class:`~.base.Connectable` instances can be located within its contained :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` members. :param correlate=True: indicates that this :class:`_expression.Select` object should have its contained :class:`_expression.FromClause` elements "correlated" to an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select` object. It is typically preferable to specify correlations on an existing :class:`_expression.Select` construct using :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` - full description of correlation. :param distinct=False: when ``True``, applies a ``DISTINCT`` qualifier to the columns clause of the resulting statement. The boolean argument may also be a column expression or list of column expressions - this is a special calling form which is understood by the PostgreSQL dialect to render the ``DISTINCT ON ()`` syntax. ``distinct`` is also available on an existing :class:`_expression.Select` object via the :meth:`_expression.Select.distinct` method. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.distinct` :param group_by: a list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` objects which will comprise the ``GROUP BY`` clause of the resulting select. This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.group_by` method on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.group_by` :param having: a :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` that will comprise the ``HAVING`` clause of the resulting select when ``GROUP BY`` is used. This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.having` method on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.having` :param limit=None: a numerical value which usually renders as a ``LIMIT`` expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't support ``LIMIT`` will attempt to provide similar functionality. This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.limit` method on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.limit` :param offset=None: a numeric value which usually renders as an ``OFFSET`` expression in the resulting select. Backends that don't support ``OFFSET`` will attempt to provide similar functionality. This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.offset` method on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.offset` :param order_by: a scalar or list of :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` objects which will comprise the ``ORDER BY`` clause of the resulting select. This parameter is typically specified more naturally using the :meth:`_expression.Select.order_by` method on an existing :class:`_expression.Select`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.order_by` :param use_labels=False: when ``True``, the statement will be generated using labels for each column in the columns clause, which qualify each column with its parent table's (or aliases) name so that name conflicts between columns in different tables don't occur. The format of the label is ``_``. The "c" collection of a :class:`_expression.Subquery` created against this :class:`_expression.Select` object, as well as the :attr:`_expression.Select.selected_columns` collection of the :class:`_expression.Select` itself, will use these names for targeting column members. This parameter can also be specified on an existing :class:`_expression.Select` object using the :meth:`_expression.Select.set_label_style` method. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.set_label_style` FTNzselect() construct created in legacy mode, i.e. with keyword arguments, must provide the columns argument as a Python list or other iterable.c9ae)code)from_r)rrdistinctrTr1rrr TypeErrorrr0rrrrrrCr+r/rrr^rC)rGrrfrom_objrr/rrrrNr: cols_presentrrs r;rJSelect.create_legacy_select6s|{{3( 5 4 ,,T2 ,,TKDLL4JK      + +D J4<<3I J =L  ! !!A  ++Q! !D !#D   " JJ % %d 8   KK & &t 4    *    *!!$1&1 E  KK!!7     !s$ E<:-F<< F9(F44F9c URU5nUVs/sH&n[R"[RX2S9PM( snUl[ RU5 U$s snf)a?Construct a new :class:`_expression.Select` using the 2. x style API. .. versionadded:: 1.4 - The :func:`_sql.select` function now accepts column arguments positionally. The top-level :func:`_sql.select` function will automatically use the 1.x or 2.x style API based on the incoming arguments; using :func:`_future.select` from the ``sqlalchemy.future`` module will enforce that only the 2.x style constructor is used. Similar functionality is also available via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.select` method on any :class:`_expression.FromClause`. .. seealso:: :ref:`coretutorial_selecting` - Core Tutorial description of :func:`_expression.select`. :param \*entities: Entities to SELECT from. For Core usage, this is typically a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` and / or :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects which will form the columns clause of the resulting statement. For those objects that are instances of :class:`_expression.FromClause` (typically :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`_expression.Alias` objects), the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.c` collection is extracted to form a collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects. This parameter will also accept :class:`_expression.TextClause` constructs as given, as well as ORM-mapped classes. r)rrrrrrCr^rC)rGrr:ents r;_create_future_selectSelect._create_future_selectGsiN{{3       ''    !!$'  s-A"c n[R[5nURRU5 U$)zCreate a :class:`.Select` using raw ``__new__`` with no coercions. Used internally to build up :class:`.Select` constructs with pre-established state. )rIrr r`)rGrrs r;_create_raw_selectSelect._create_raw_select|s)~~f% R  r>cPU(ax[US[5(dg[USS5(aL[US[R[ 4-5(d"[ USSS9c[USS5(aU(aUR"U0UD6$UR"U6$)aCreate a :class:`.Select` using either the 1.x or 2.0 constructor style. For the legacy calling style, see :meth:`.Select.create_legacy_select`. If the first argument passed is a Python sequence or if keyword arguments are present, this style is used. .. versionadded:: 2.0 - the :func:`_future.select` construct is the same construct as the one returned by :func:`_expression.select`, except that the function only accepts the "columns clause" entities up front; the rest of the state of the SELECT should be built up using generative methods. Similar functionality is also available via the :meth:`_expression.FromClause.select` method on any :class:`_expression.FromClause`. .. seealso:: :ref:`coretutorial_selecting` - Core Tutorial description of :func:`_expression.select`. :param \*entities: Entities to SELECT from. For Core usage, this is typically a series of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` and / or :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects which will form the columns clause of the resulting statement. For those objects that are instances of :class:`_expression.FromClause` (typically :class:`_schema.Table` or :class:`_expression.Alias` objects), the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.c` collection is extracted to form a collection of :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects. This parameter will also accept :class:`_expression.TextClause` constructs as given, as well as ORM-mapped classes. r__iter__F)raiseerr__clause_element__) rhrhasattrr1 string_typesr&r2rJr)rGrMrs r;_createSelect._createsR 47D))DGZ00&Q!2!2m5E!E Q%8@#DG-ABB++T8R8 8,,d3 3r>c[5er7rVr9s r;rCSelect.__init__rjr>chURSn[UR5nUSR$r)rCrr5r)r:rcolss r;rSelect._scalar_types0  #D))*Aw||r>c UR"U6$)z6A synonym for the :meth:`_future.Select.where` method.r+)r:criterias r;filter Select.filterszz8$$r>cUR(a,[RU5RnU"U5nUbU$UR(aURS$UR S$r)rBr7get_plugin_classrr@rC)r:meth_last_joined_entitys r;_filter_by_zeroSelect._filter_by_zerosf   //** #'t* ".** >>>>!$ $  ##r>c UR5nUR5VVs/sHup4[X#5U:HPM nnnUR"U6$s snnf)zGapply the given filtering criterion as a WHERE clause to this select. )rrrr)r:rN from_entityrrrVs r; filter_bySelect.filter_bys\ **, %lln ,  "+ 3u <,  {{G$$  sAcP[RU5RnU"U5$)aEReturn a :term:`plugin-enabled` 'column descriptions' structure referring to the columns which are SELECTed by this statement. This attribute is generally useful when using the ORM, as an extended structure which includes information about mapped entities is returned. The section :ref:`queryguide_inspection` contains more background. For a Core-only statement, the structure returned by this accessor is derived from the same objects that are returned by the :attr:`.Select.selected_columns` accessor, formatted as a list of dictionaries which contain the keys ``name``, ``type`` and ``expr``, which indicate the column expressions to be selected:: >>> stmt = select(user_table) >>> stmt.column_descriptions [ { 'name': 'id', 'type': Integer(), 'expr': Column('id', Integer(), ...)}, { 'name': 'name', 'type': String(length=30), 'expr': Column('name', String(length=30), ...)} ] .. versionchanged:: 1.4.33 The :attr:`.Select.column_descriptions` attribute returns a structure for a Core-only set of entities, not just ORM-only entities. .. seealso:: :attr:`.UpdateBase.entity_description` - entity information for an :func:`.insert`, :func:`.update`, or :func:`.delete` :ref:`queryguide_inspection` - ORM background )r7rrMr:rs r;column_descriptionsSelect.column_descriptionss%R++D1IIDzr>cP[RU5RnU"X5$)a)Apply the columns which this :class:`.Select` would select onto another statement. This operation is :term:`plugin-specific` and will raise a not supported exception if this :class:`_sql.Select` does not select from plugin-enabled entities. The statement is typically either a :func:`_expression.text` or :func:`_expression.select` construct, and should return the set of columns appropriate to the entities represented by this :class:`.Select`. .. seealso:: :ref:`orm_queryguide_selecting_text` - usage examples in the ORM Querying Guide )r7rrP)r:rrs r;rPSelect.from_statements%(++D1@@D$$r>c[R"[RXS9nUb%[R"[RU5nU=R XSX4S.44- slg)a8Create a SQL JOIN against this :class:`_expression.Select` object's criterion and apply generatively, returning the newly resulting :class:`_expression.Select`. E.g.:: stmt = select(user_table).join(address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id) The above statement generates SQL similar to:: SELECT user.id, user.name FROM user JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id .. versionchanged:: 1.4 :meth:`_expression.Select.join` now creates a :class:`_sql.Join` object between a :class:`_sql.FromClause` source that is within the FROM clause of the existing SELECT, and a given target :class:`_sql.FromClause`, and then adds this :class:`_sql.Join` to the FROM clause of the newly generated SELECT statement. This is completely reworked from the behavior in 1.3, which would instead create a subquery of the entire :class:`_expression.Select` and then join that subquery to the target. This is a **backwards incompatible change** as the previous behavior was mostly useless, producing an unnamed subquery rejected by most databases in any case. The new behavior is modeled after that of the very successful :meth:`_orm.Query.join` method in the ORM, in order to support the functionality of :class:`_orm.Query` being available by using a :class:`_sql.Select` object with an :class:`_orm.Session`. See the notes for this change at :ref:`change_select_join`. :param target: target table to join towards :param onclause: ON clause of the join. If omitted, an ON clause is generated automatically based on the :class:`_schema.ForeignKey` linkages between the two tables, if one can be unambiguously determined, otherwise an error is raised. :param isouter: if True, generate LEFT OUTER join. Same as :meth:`_expression.Select.outerjoin`. :param full: if True, generate FULL OUTER join. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_select_join` - in the :doc:`/tutorial/index` :ref:`orm_queryguide_joins` - in the :ref:`queryguide_toplevel` :meth:`_expression.Select.join_from` :meth:`_expression.Select.outerjoin` rNrF)rrrJoinTargetRolerArB)r:rrrrs r;r Select.join.scv!!  &    ''(:(:HEH  t%G H  r>c&URXUSUS9$)zCreate a SQL LEFT OUTER JOIN against this :class:`_expression.Select` object's criterion and apply generatively, returning the newly resulting :class:`_expression.Select`. Usage is the same as that of :meth:`_selectable.Select.join_from`. Trrr) join_from)r:rrrrs r;outerjoin_fromSelect.outerjoin_fromrs#~~ Hd  r>c[R"[RXS9n[R"[RX S9nUb%[R"[R U5nU=R X#XUS.44- slg)aACreate a SQL JOIN against this :class:`_expression.Select` object's criterion and apply generatively, returning the newly resulting :class:`_expression.Select`. E.g.:: stmt = select(user_table, address_table).join_from( user_table, address_table, user_table.c.id == address_table.c.user_id ) The above statement generates SQL similar to:: SELECT user.id, user.name, address.id, address.email, address.user_id FROM user JOIN address ON user.id = address.user_id .. versionadded:: 1.4 :param from\_: the left side of the join, will be rendered in the FROM clause and is roughly equivalent to using the :meth:`.Select.select_from` method. :param target: target table to join towards :param onclause: ON clause of the join. :param isouter: if True, generate LEFT OUTER join. Same as :meth:`_expression.Select.outerjoin`. :param full: if True, generate FULL OUTER join. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_select_join` - in the :doc:`/tutorial/index` :ref:`orm_queryguide_joins` - in the :ref:`queryguide_toplevel` :meth:`_expression.Select.join` rNrF)rrrrrrArB)r:rrrrrs r;rSelect.join_from~sb   % !!  &    ''(:(:HEH  u4&H I  r>c$URXSUS9$)a1Create a left outer join. Parameters are the same as that of :meth:`_expression.Select.join`. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 :meth:`_expression.Select.outerjoin` now creates a :class:`_sql.Join` object between a :class:`_sql.FromClause` source that is within the FROM clause of the existing SELECT, and a given target :class:`_sql.FromClause`, and then adds this :class:`_sql.Join` to the FROM clause of the newly generated SELECT statement. This is completely reworked from the behavior in 1.3, which would instead create a subquery of the entire :class:`_expression.Select` and then join that subquery to the target. This is a **backwards incompatible change** as the previous behavior was mostly useless, producing an unnamed subquery rejected by most databases in any case. The new behavior is modeled after that of the very successful :meth:`_orm.Query.join` method in the ORM, in order to support the functionality of :class:`_orm.Query` being available by using a :class:`_sql.Select` object with an :class:`_orm.Session`. See the notes for this change at :ref:`change_select_join`. .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_select_join` - in the :doc:`/tutorial/index` :ref:`orm_queryguide_joins` - in the :ref:`queryguide_toplevel` :meth:`_expression.Select.join` Tr)r)r:rrrs r;rSelect.outerjoinsFyyDtyLLr>cBURUS5R5$)aoCompute the final displayed list of :class:`_expression.FromClause` elements. This method will run through the full computation required to determine what FROM elements will be displayed in the resulting SELECT statement, including shadowing individual tables with JOIN objects, as well as full computation for ORM use cases including eager loading clauses. For ORM use, this accessor returns the **post compilation** list of FROM objects; this collection will include elements such as eagerly loaded tables and joins. The objects will **not** be ORM enabled and not work as a replacement for the :meth:`_sql.Select.select_froms` collection; additionally, the method is not well performing for an ORM enabled statement as it will incur the full ORM construction process. To retrieve the FROM list that's implied by the "columns" collection passed to the :class:`_sql.Select` originally, use the :attr:`_sql.Select.columns_clause_froms` accessor. To select from an alternative set of columns while maintaining the FROM list, use the :meth:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns` method and pass the :paramref:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns.maintain_column_froms` parameter. .. versionadded:: 1.4.23 - the :meth:`_sql.Select.get_final_froms` method replaces the previous :attr:`_sql.Select.froms` accessor, which is deprecated. .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.Select.columns_clause_froms` N)_compile_state_factoryr{r9s r;get_final_fromsSelect.get_final_fromss!J**46IIKKr>z1.4.23zqThe :attr:`_expression.Select.froms` attribute is moved to the :meth:`_expression.Select.get_final_froms` method.c"UR5$)zIReturn the displayed list of :class:`_expression.FromClause` elements. )r r9s r;r9 Select.fromss##%%r>cJ[RU5RU5$)aaReturn the set of :class:`_expression.FromClause` objects implied by the columns clause of this SELECT statement. .. versionadded:: 1.4.23 .. seealso:: :attr:`_sql.Select.froms` - "final" FROM list taking the full statement into account :meth:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns` - makes use of this collection to set up a new FROM list )r7rrWr9s r;columns_clause_fromsSelect.columns_clause_fromss%"++D1JJ   r>c,[UR5$)aAn iterator of all :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` expressions which would be rendered into the columns clause of the resulting SELECT statement. This method is legacy as of 1.4 and is superseded by the :attr:`_expression.Select.exported_columns` collection. )iterrXr9s r; inner_columnsSelect.inner_columns+sD..//r>cXR;agUR5HnURU5(dM g gr)rrr)r:rrvs r;rSelect.is_derived_from8s= )) ),,.A  ,,/r>c |>^ [[R"[UR6[UR 6[UR Vs/sHo3SPM sn655nUVs0sH oUU"U40UD6_M snm URVs/sH oQ"U40UD6PM nn[ST R555RU5RU5n[U5[U5-UlU 4SjnXS'[[U]6"SUSS.UD6 UR5 gs snfs snfs snf)Nrc3T# UHn[U[5(dMUv M g7fr7)rhrrs r;r)Select._copy_internals..]sE-aAt1D-s( (c>[U[5(a1URT;a TURRU5nU$ggr7rgrjs r;rn'Select._copy_internals..replacefrpr>rn)r@)rq omit_attrsr?)rrarbrrCrkrBr@r differencerrrrIrsrt) r:rqrrrurvexisting_from_obj add_fromsrnrmrs @r;rsSelect._copy_internalsAs7 OOt001t334D4E4EF4EDQ4EFG  1>> 1a2& > 6:^^D^U1^^^D E9++-E E Z & Z) *  01E)4DD   9 fd+ N 68    "O G?Es D/+D4D9c p>[R"[[U]/SQS9UR 55$)N)r@rvrw)r)rarbrrrI get_childrenr)r:rNrs r;r"Select.get_childrenws9 &$ ,K -   ' ' )   r>c UR5 URUVs/sH&n[R"[R X S9PM( sn-Ulgs snf)aVReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the given column expressions added to its columns clause. E.g.:: my_select = my_select.add_columns(table.c.new_column) See the documentation for :meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns` for guidelines on adding /replacing the columns of a :class:`_expression.Select` object. rN)rtrCrrrr)r:rrgs r;r%Select.add_columnss_   " --" 1 "   '' " 1  1 s-Ac [R"U5Vs/sH&n[R"[R X S9PM( snUlgs snf)Nr)r1rrrrrrC)r:rrs r; _set_entitiesSelect._set_entitiessL ||H-  .   '' .   s-ArGzThe :meth:`_expression.Select.column` method is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use :meth:`_expression.Select.add_columns`c$URU5$)aPReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the given column expression added to its columns clause. E.g.:: my_select = my_select.column(table.c.new_column) See the documentation for :meth:`_expression.Select.with_only_columns` for guidelines on adding /replacing the columns of a :class:`_expression.Select` object. )r%rfs r;rg Select.columns(''r>rtcUR"[RRR"UR /UR UR-Q7SU066$)aReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with redundantly named, equivalently-valued columns removed from the columns clause. "Redundant" here means two columns where one refers to the other either based on foreign key, or via a simple equality comparison in the WHERE clause of the statement. The primary purpose of this method is to automatically construct a select statement with all uniquely-named columns, without the need to use table-qualified labels as :meth:`_expression.Select.set_label_style` does. When columns are omitted based on foreign key, the referred-to column is the one that's kept. When columns are omitted based on WHERE equivalence, the first column in the columns clause is the one that's kept. :param only_synonyms: when True, limit the removal of columns to those which have the same name as the equivalent. Otherwise, all columns that are equivalent to another are removed. only_synonyms)with_only_columnsr1rvrwr_rXrkr@)r:r,s r;r_Select.reduce_columnssY0%% ^^ $ $ 3 3**&&7+  r>cUR5 URSS5nU(a[SSRU5<35eU(a'URR "U/UR Q76 [RU5 [R"SSU5Vs/sH(n[R"[RU5PM* snUlgs snf)aReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with its columns clause replaced with the given columns. By default, this method is exactly equivalent to as if the original :func:`_expression.select` had been called with the given columns clause. E.g. a statement:: s = select(table1.c.a, table1.c.b) s = s.with_only_columns(table1.c.b) should be exactly equivalent to:: s = select(table1.c.b) In this mode of operation, :meth:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns` will also dynamically alter the FROM clause of the statement if it is not explicitly stated. To maintain the existing set of FROMs including those implied by the current columns clause, add the :paramref:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns.maintain_column_froms` parameter:: s = select(table1.c.a, table2.c.b) s = s.with_only_columns(table1.c.a, maintain_column_froms=True) The above parameter performs a transfer of the effective FROMs in the columns collection to the :meth:`_sql.Select.select_from` method, as though the following were invoked:: s = select(table1.c.a, table2.c.b) s = s.select_from(table1, table2).with_only_columns(table1.c.a) The :paramref:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns.maintain_column_froms` parameter makes use of the :attr:`_sql.Select.columns_clause_froms` collection and performs an operation equivalent to the following:: s = select(table1.c.a, table2.c.b) s = s.select_from(*s.columns_clause_froms).with_only_columns(table1.c.a) :param \*columns: column expressions to be used. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 the :meth:`_sql.Select.with_only_columns` method accepts the list of column expressions positionally; passing the expressions as a list is deprecated. :param maintain_column_froms: boolean parameter that will ensure the FROM list implied from the current columns clause will be transferred to the :meth:`_sql.Select.select_from` method first. .. versionadded:: 1.4.23 maintain_column_fromsFzunknown parameters: z, rzSelect.with_only_columnsN)_assert_no_memoizationsrrrrrTrrrr!_expression_collection_was_a_listrrrrC)r:rrr0rs r;r-Select.with_only_columnsst $$& "'> F  " GH H    + +D M43L3L M 77=@@5w    U44a 8  s%/CcB[R"UR5$)zReturn the completed WHERE clause for this :class:`_expression.Select` statement. This assembles the current collection of WHERE criteria into a single :class:`_expression.BooleanClauseList` construct. .. versionadded:: 1.4 )r%_construct_for_whereclauserkr9s r;rSelect.whereclause"s !;;    r>c[UR[5(deUH>n[R"[ R U5nU=RU4- slM@ g)zReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the given expression added to its WHERE clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any. N)rhrkrrrrWhereHavingRole)r:r criterionwhere_criterias r;r+ Select.where5sS$..6666$I&--e.C.CYON  ^$5 5 %r>cvU=R[R"[RU54- slg)zReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the given expression added to its HAVING clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any. N)rrrrr8r0s r;r/ Select.havingCs0    U22F ;"  r>cxU(a,SUlUR[SU55-UlgSUlg)ayReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct which will apply DISTINCT to its columns clause. :param \*expr: optional column expressions. When present, the PostgreSQL dialect will render a ``DISTINCT ON (>)`` construct. .. deprecated:: 1.4 Using \*expr in other dialects is deprecated and will raise :class:`_exc.CompileError` in a future version. Tc3l# UH*n[R"[RU5v M, g7fr7)rrrByOfRole)rrs r;r"Select.distinct..]s':=A   33TrN)rrr)r:rs r;rSelect.distinctNs> !DN $ 1 1E:=A:5!D "DNr>cV^T=R[U4SjU55- slg)aLReturn a new :func:`_expression.select` construct with the given FROM expression(s) merged into its list of FROM objects. E.g.:: table1 = table('t1', column('a')) table2 = table('t2', column('b')) s = select(table1.c.a).\ select_from( table1.join(table2, table1.c.a==table2.c.b) ) The "from" list is a unique set on the identity of each element, so adding an already present :class:`_schema.Table` or other selectable will have no effect. Passing a :class:`_expression.Join` that refers to an already present :class:`_schema.Table` or other selectable will have the effect of concealing the presence of that selectable as an individual element in the rendered FROM list, instead rendering it into a JOIN clause. While the typical purpose of :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` is to replace the default, derived FROM clause with a join, it can also be called with individual table elements, multiple times if desired, in the case that the FROM clause cannot be fully derived from the columns clause:: select(func.count('*')).select_from(table1) c3l># UH)n[R"[RUTS9v M+ g7f)rNrrrr)rrr:s r;r%Select.select_from..s4 $    $$j $s14N)r@r)r:r9s` r;rSelect.select_fromcs*H % $    r>cSUlU(aUSS;aSUlgUR[SU55-Ulg)aReturn a new :class:`_expression.Select` which will correlate the given FROM clauses to that of an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`. Calling this method turns off the :class:`_expression.Select` object's default behavior of "auto-correlation". Normally, FROM elements which appear in a :class:`_expression.Select` that encloses this one via its :term:`WHERE clause`, ORDER BY, HAVING or :term:`columns clause` will be omitted from this :class:`_expression.Select` object's :term:`FROM clause`. Setting an explicit correlation collection using the :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` method provides a fixed list of FROM objects that can potentially take place in this process. When :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` is used to apply specific FROM clauses for correlation, the FROM elements become candidates for correlation regardless of how deeply nested this :class:`_expression.Select` object is, relative to an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select` which refers to the same FROM object. This is in contrast to the behavior of "auto-correlation" which only correlates to an immediate enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`. Multi-level correlation ensures that the link between enclosed and enclosing :class:`_expression.Select` is always via at least one WHERE/ORDER BY/HAVING/columns clause in order for correlation to take place. If ``None`` is passed, the :class:`_expression.Select` object will correlate none of its FROM entries, and all will render unconditionally in the local FROM clause. :param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more :class:`_expression.FromClause` constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped classes) to become part of the correlate collection. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate_except` :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` FrFNr?c3l# UH*n[R"[RU5v M, g7fr7rErs r;r#Select.correlate..s)6CNa   !5!5q99;rN)rrvrr: fromclausess r;rSelect.correlatesFj % ;q>]: DO"oo6CN61DOr>cSUlU(aUSS;aSUlgUR=(d S[SU55-Ulg)aKReturn a new :class:`_expression.Select` which will omit the given FROM clauses from the auto-correlation process. Calling :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate_except` turns off the :class:`_expression.Select` object's default behavior of "auto-correlation" for the given FROM elements. An element specified here will unconditionally appear in the FROM list, while all other FROM elements remain subject to normal auto-correlation behaviors. If ``None`` is passed, the :class:`_expression.Select` object will correlate all of its FROM entries. :param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more :class:`_expression.FromClause` constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped classes) to become part of the correlate-exception collection. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.Select.correlate` :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` FrrIr?c3l# UH*n[R"[RU5v M, g7fr7rErs r;r*Select.correlate_except..s*LCNa   !5!5q99;rN)rrwrrLs r;correlate_exceptSelect.correlate_exceptsQ< % ;q>]:%'D "&*&<&<&BeLCNLG&D "r>c[RUR5n[URVs/sH nUR (aMU"U5U4PM" sn5R 5$s snf)a=A :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the columns that this SELECT statement or similar construct returns in its result set, not including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. This collection differs from the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.columns` collection of a :class:`_expression.FromClause` in that the columns within this collection cannot be directly nested inside another SELECT statement; a subquery must be applied first which provides for the necessary parenthesization required by SQL. For a :func:`_expression.select` construct, the collection here is exactly what would be rendered inside the "SELECT" statement, and the :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects are directly present as they were given, e.g.:: col1 = column('q', Integer) col2 = column('p', Integer) stmt = select(col1, col2) Above, ``stmt.selected_columns`` would be a collection that contains the ``col1`` and ``col2`` objects directly. For a statement that is against a :class:`_schema.Table` or other :class:`_expression.FromClause`, the collection will use the :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects that are in the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.c` collection of the from element. .. note:: The :attr:`_sql.Select.selected_columns` collection does not include expressions established in the columns clause using the :func:`_sql.text` construct; these are silently omitted from the collection. To use plain textual column expressions inside of a :class:`_sql.Select` construct, use the :func:`_sql.literal_column` construct. .. versionadded:: 1.4 )r7rgrrrXr\r )r:convrs r;rSelect.selected_columnssl^44T5F5FG33 3A((a! 3  ,.   s A/ A/cb[RU5Rn[U"U55$r7)r7rrrrs r;rXSelect._all_selected_columns*s'++D1FFDJr>cVUR[LaUR[5nU$r7)rr6rr8r9s r;r""Select._ensure_disambiguated_names/s'    0 0''(EFD r>cUc URn[RUR5n0n/nURnUR[ LnUR[ LnSn UGHn Sn U R(dS=n =n nOU(a#S=pU R=(d U RnOU(aU R=n =n nOU R=pSn U c~U RnUciU RU;n XU R'S=pU (a5U(aU RU 5nU S- n O*U RU 5nU S- n OU RnOU=n =n nU bX;a[XL5[U 5:waU(aU R=n nOU R=n nU(a\X;aW[XM5[U 5:XdeU(aU RU 5=n nU S- n OU RU 5=n nU S- n Sn OKXU 'OFU(a:U(aU RU 5=n nU S- n OU RU 5=n nU S- n Sn OXU 'U"U U"U 5UU U 45 GM U$)a3Generate column names as rendered in a SELECT statement by the compiler. This is distinct from the _column_naming_convention generator that's intended for population of .c collections and similar, which has different rules. the collection returned here calls upon the _column_naming_convention as well. NrFT)rXr7rgrrr7r6_render_label_in_columns_clause_non_anon_label_anon_name_labelr_expression_label_dedupe_anon_tq_label_idx_dedupe_anon_label_idxrQ_anon_tq_label)r:rBrkey_naming_conventionrbresult result_appendrdlabel_style_none dedupe_hashrrepeatedeffective_namerequired_label_namefallback_label_name expr_labels r;rA#Select._generate_columns_plus_names4s <--D + E E   !  ++/MM,,0@@ AH44+///''!7;;&'&7&7&M1;M;M#"/0kk:':&+;<;L;LLN*.'!)"#!4!4J!)#$#5#5#>45a001?CC# /$%$?$? $L!4!,q 0 676N6N$/7" 3!,q 0 232D2D/3==+=*/)!*E12d1g=+!" 0 01/ 3 !" 2 23/ 3-1D1M $((B#CtAw#NN#N /%&$?$? $L!M 3$7 +q 0 %&$<$<[$I!J 3$7 +q 0 '+H9:"56*+!" ; ;K HI/ 3'1,K!" 8 8 EF/ 3'1,K#',-.) (*!,(! [D r>cURS5VVVVVs/sH.unnnnnUR(aMURUUUSS9PM0 nnnnnnURR U5 gs snnnnnf)zQGenerate column proxies to place in the exported ``.c`` collection of a subquery.FT)rrpname_is_truncatableN)rAr\rrr)r:rKrj proxy_keyrkrrhproxs r;r*Select._generate_fromclause_column_proxiess"33E: ; ##$$ AMM($(  ;  " 11$7# s A/ A/ cfUR=(d [URR5$r7)rrrrVr9s r;_needs_parens_for_grouping!Select._needs_parens_for_groupings+,,   ! ! ) )1  r>cp[U[5(aUR5(dU$[U5$)aReturn a 'grouping' construct as per the :class:`_expression.ClauseElement` specification. This produces an element that can be embedded in an expression. Note that this method is called automatically as needed when constructing expressions and should not require explicit use. )rhrrtr*rUs r;r?Select.self_groups0 w / /3355K*40 0r>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``UNION`` of this select() construct against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrr:rrNs r;r Select.unions++DC5CFCCr>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``UNION ALL`` of this select() construct against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrrys r;rXSelect.union_all//GuGGGr>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``EXCEPT`` of this select() construct against the given selectable provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrrys r;except_Select.except_)s,,TDEDVDDr>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``EXCEPT ALL`` of this select() construct against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrrys r; except_allSelect.except_all:s00HHHHr>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``INTERSECT`` of this select() construct against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrrys r; intersectSelect.intersectKr}r>c6[R"U/UQ70UD6$)aReturn a SQL ``INTERSECT ALL`` of this select() construct against the given selectables provided as positional arguments. :param \*other: one or more elements with which to create a UNION. .. versionchanged:: 1.4.28 multiple elements are now accepted. :param \**kwargs: keyword arguments are forwarded to the constructor for the newly created :class:`_sql.CompoundSelect` object. )rrrys r; intersect_allSelect.intersect_all\s33DK5KFKKr>rrrcrUR(a UR$UR5HVnUR(a%URULa[R "S5eUR nU(a X lUs $ O URH nUR nU(dMX lUs $ g)rrnN)rgrrzrr0rorrC)r:rrrrs r;r Select.bindms :::: //1D  T\\T%9--C A 2""AAq  #r>cXlgr7rrs r;rrrr>)rrgrvrwrrr@rC)NNNFNTNNr+r,)Tr7)lr@rArBrCr]rrBrrArrrvrwrkrr@rr7r>rr.rfdp_memoized_select_entitiesdp_clauseelement_tuplerrrr dp_plain_objr^rgrrrrrrr rr_executable_traverse_internalsrdp_has_cache_keyr=rrr1rrJrrrrrCrrrrrErrPrrrrrr r9rrrr rsr"r%r'rgrr_r-r _whereclauser+r/rrrrRrr1rrXr"rArrtr?rrXrrrrrrrrFrrs@r;rIrIsL NL "ILJOIO"AA.DD E+!== +AA B  1 H H I !2!I!I J "3"J"J K "3"J"J K .BB C "$5$I$I J ,CC D "3"J"J K /@@ A 0AA B /@@ A $&7&E&E F  1 B B C +66 7 .EE F .;; <- 0  - -1 .2  6 63 74  6 65 76  0 07 18 # H H9 I:  3 3; 4B/ .??@244  __  2H HT00d+N  7474r$ % $ %))V%.A A F  @E; ; z#MJ%LN __ A &  &  ( 0 0%+4#l   .  __  1 (  (  ./ 0 >J J X  L 6 6  ""(( ( T::x##J##6$6p## $  dL8. 1"D"H"E"I"H"L" "K   6 [[r>rIcx\rSrSrSr/rSrSrSrSr \ S5r \ r \ S5rSr\ S 5r\ S 5rS rg ) riaRepresent a scalar subquery. A :class:`_sql.ScalarSelect` is created by invoking the :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.scalar_subquery` method. The object then participates in other SQL expressions as a SQL column expression within the :class:`_sql.ColumnElement` hierarchy. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.scalar_subquery` :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` - in the 2.0 tutorial TFc:XlUR5Ulgr7)rrrr}s r;rCScalarSelect.__init__s ((* r>c.[R"S5e)NzcScalar Select expression has no columns; use this object directly within a column-level expression.)r0ror9s r;rScalarSelect.columnss%% 0  r>cDURRU5Ulg)zeApply a WHERE clause to the SELECT statement referred to by this :class:`_expression.ScalarSelect`. N)rr+)r:rs r;r+ScalarSelect.wheres ||))$/ r>c U$r7r?)r:rNs r;r?ScalarSelect.self_groupr?r>c@URR"U6Ulg)aKReturn a new :class:`_expression.ScalarSelect` which will correlate the given FROM clauses to that of an enclosing :class:`_expression.Select`. This method is mirrored from the :meth:`_sql.Select.correlate` method of the underlying :class:`_sql.Select`. The method applies the :meth:_sql.Select.correlate` method, then returns a new :class:`_sql.ScalarSelect` against that statement. .. versionadded:: 1.4 Previously, the :meth:`_sql.ScalarSelect.correlate` method was only available from :class:`_sql.Select`. :param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more :class:`_expression.FromClause` constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped classes) to become part of the correlate collection. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.ScalarSelect.correlate_except` :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` - in the 2.0 tutorial N)rrrLs r;rScalarSelect.correlates8||--{; r>c@URR"U6Ulg)aLReturn a new :class:`_expression.ScalarSelect` which will omit the given FROM clauses from the auto-correlation process. This method is mirrored from the :meth:`_sql.Select.correlate_except` method of the underlying :class:`_sql.Select`. The method applies the :meth:_sql.Select.correlate_except` method, then returns a new :class:`_sql.ScalarSelect` against that statement. .. versionadded:: 1.4 Previously, the :meth:`_sql.ScalarSelect.correlate_except` method was only available from :class:`_sql.Select`. :param \*fromclauses: a list of one or more :class:`_expression.FromClause` constructs, or other compatible constructs (i.e. ORM-mapped classes) to become part of the correlate-exception collection. .. seealso:: :meth:`_expression.ScalarSelect.correlate` :ref:`tutorial_scalar_subquery` - in the 2.0 tutorial N)rrRrLs r;rRScalarSelect.correlate_excepts<||44kB r>)rrN)r@rArBrCr]rr_is_implicitly_booleanrDrCrErrrr+r?rrRrFr?r>r;rrs M"M+   A00<<:CCr>rcv\rSrSrSr/rSrSrSr\ R"SSS9SS j5r S r S r S rSrSrg )rizRepresent an ``EXISTS`` clause. See :func:`_sql.exists` for a description of usage. An ``EXISTS`` clause can also be constructed from a :func:`_sql.select` instance by calling :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.exists`. Tc0U(a$[US[[45(aUSnO7U(d [S54n[R "U0UD6R 5n[R"UU[R[RSS9 g)a8Construct a new :class:`_expression.Exists` construct. The :func:`_sql.exists` can be invoked by itself to produce an :class:`_sql.Exists` construct, which will accept simple WHERE criteria:: exists_criteria = exists().where(table1.c.col1 == table2.c.col2) However, for greater flexibility in constructing the SELECT, an existing :class:`_sql.Select` construct may be converted to an :class:`_sql.Exists`, most conveniently by making use of the :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.exists` method:: exists_criteria = ( select(table2.c.col2). where(table1.c.col1 == table2.c.col2). exists() ) The EXISTS criteria is then used inside of an enclosing SELECT:: stmt = select(table1.c.col1).where(exists_criteria) The above statement will then be of the form:: SELECT col1 FROM table1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT table2.col2 FROM table2 WHERE table2.col2 = table1.col1) .. seealso:: :ref:`tutorial_exists` - in the :term:`2.0 style` tutorial. :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.exists` - method to transform a ``SELECT`` to an ``EXISTS`` clause. rrT)operatorrwraps_column_expressionN) rhrrr+rIrrnr-rCrrr BOOLEANTYPE)r:rMrNrs r;rCExists.__init__s{J JtAw\(BCCQA&s+-//??AA   %%&&$(  r>cURR5nU"U5nUR[RS9$)Nr=)r_ungroupr?rr)r:fnrs r;_regroupExists._regroupBs7,,'')W+!!)*:*:!;;r>)rzThe :paramref:`_sql.Exists.select().whereclause` parameter is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.0. Please make use of the :meth:`.Select.where` method to add WHERE criteria to the SELECT statement.)rzThe :meth:`_sql.Exists.select` method will no longer accept keyword arguments in version 2.0. Please use generative methods from the :class:`_sql.Select` construct in order to apply additional modifications.rNc @UbXS'[R"X/40UD6$)aReturn a SELECT of this :class:`_expression.Exists`. e.g.:: stmt = exists(some_table.c.id).where(some_table.c.id == 5).select() This will produce a statement resembling:: SELECT EXISTS (SELECT id FROM some_table WHERE some_table = :param) AS anon_1 :param whereclause: a WHERE clause, equivalent to calling the :meth:`_sql.Select.where` method. :param **kwargs: additional keyword arguments are passed to the legacy constructor for :class:`_sql.Select` described at :meth:`_sql.Select.create_legacy_select`. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.select` - general purpose method which allows for arbitrary column lists. rrrs r;r Exists.selectGs+V  "$/= !44T6LVLLr>c\^UR5nURU4Sj5UlU$)z~Apply correlation to the subquery noted by this :class:`_sql.Exists`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.ScalarSelect.correlate` c">UR"T6$r7)rrrs r;r"Exists.correlate..sG--z:r>r rrr:rrs ` r;rExists.correlatevs* KKMMM :  r>c\^UR5nURU4Sj5UlU$)zApply correlation to the subquery noted by this :class:`_sql.Exists`. .. seealso:: :meth:`_sql.ScalarSelect.correlate_except` c">UR"T6$r7)rRrs r;r)Exists.correlate_except..sG44jAr>rrs ` r;rRExists.correlate_excepts* KKMMM A  r>c\^UR5nURU4Sj5UlU$)aReturn a new :class:`_expression.Exists` construct, applying the given expression to the :meth:`_expression.Select.select_from` method of the select statement contained. .. note:: it is typically preferable to build a :class:`_sql.Select` statement first, including the desired WHERE clause, then use the :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.exists` method to produce an :class:`_sql.Exists` object at once. c">UR"T6$r7)r)rr9s r;r$Exists.select_from..s'2E2Eu2Mr>r)r:r9rs ` r;rExists.select_froms& KKMMM"MN r>c\^UR5nURU4Sj5UlU$)aReturn a new :func:`_expression.exists` construct with the given expression added to its WHERE clause, joined to the existing clause via AND, if any. .. note:: it is typically preferable to build a :class:`_sql.Select` statement first, including the desired WHERE clause, then use the :meth:`_sql.SelectBase.exists` method to produce an :class:`_sql.Exists` object at once. c">UR"T6$r7r)rrs r;rExists.where..s'--2Hr>r)r:rrs ` r;r+ Exists.wheres& KKMMM"HI r>r?r7)r@rArBrCr]rrDrCrr1r3rrrRrr+rFr?r>r;rrs]MM2 h<    $M%$M:  "r>rc\rSrSrSrSr\rS\R4S\R4/\ R-\ R-rSrSrSrSSjr\R*S5r\S 5rS rS r\S 5r\S 5rSrSrSr g) TextualSelectiaWrap a :class:`_expression.TextClause` construct within a :class:`_expression.SelectBase` interface. This allows the :class:`_expression.TextClause` object to gain a ``.c`` collection and other FROM-like capabilities such as :meth:`_expression.FromClause.alias`, :meth:`_expression.SelectBase.cte`, etc. The :class:`_expression.TextualSelect` construct is produced via the :meth:`_expression.TextClause.columns` method - see that method for details. .. versionchanged:: 1.4 the :class:`_expression.TextualSelect` class was renamed from ``TextAsFrom``, to more correctly suit its role as a SELECT-oriented object and not a FROM clause. .. seealso:: :func:`_expression.text` :meth:`_expression.TextClause.columns` - primary creation interface. textual_selectr column_argsTcXlUVs/sH(n[R"[RU5PM* snUlX0lgs snfr7)rrrrrr positional)r:rrrrs r;rCTextualSelect.__init__sF CJ BIQI  U44a 8' % s/A cV[SUR55R5$)aA :class:`_expression.ColumnCollection` representing the columns that this SELECT statement or similar construct returns in its result set, not including :class:`_sql.TextClause` constructs. This collection differs from the :attr:`_expression.FromClause.columns` collection of a :class:`_expression.FromClause` in that the columns within this collection cannot be directly nested inside another SELECT statement; a subquery must be applied first which provides for the necessary parenthesization required by SQL. For a :class:`_expression.TextualSelect` construct, the collection contains the :class:`_expression.ColumnElement` objects that were passed to the constructor, typically via the :meth:`_expression.TextClause.columns` method. .. versionadded:: 1.4 c3<# UHoRU4v M g7fr7rrYs r;r1TextualSelect.selected_columns..s 01UUAJ 0r])rrr r9s r;rTextualSelect.selected_columnss+,  $ 0 0  ,. r>cUR$r7)rr9s r;rX#TextualSelect._all_selected_columnssr>cU$r7r?rqs r;rTextualSelect._set_label_style r?r>cU$r7r?r9s r;r")TextualSelect._ensure_disambiguated_namesr?r>c.URR$r7)rrgr9s r;rgTextualSelect._binds||!!!r>cFURR"U0UD6Ulgr7)r bindparams)r:bindsbind_as_valuess r;rTextualSelect.bindparamss||..HH r>cd^TRRU4SjUR55 g)Nc3D># UHoRT5v M g7fr7r)rrrs r;rDTextualSelect._generate_fromclause_column_proxies..s4 /?!MM* % %/?r)rrrrs `r;r1TextualSelect._generate_fromclause_column_proxiess*334 /3/?/?4  r>c4URSR$r)rrr9s r;rTextualSelect._scalar_types"'''r>)rrrNr)!r@rArBrCr]rr6rr.rrfr rr^rgr _is_textualis_textr(rCrr1rrErXrr"rgrrrrrFr?r>r;rrs6&N#L):: ; -CC D  # H H  I  - -  .KGI%##$2  ""II (r>rc\rSrSrSrSrg)AnnotatedFromClausei&cJUR [R"XU5 gr7)rr rC)r:rrs r;rCAnnotatedFromClause.__init__'s  4&1r>r?Nrr?r>r;rr&s2r>r)qr]rrarrrrrrrr r annotationr r baser rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr r!rr"r#r$r%r&r'r(r)r*r+r,r-r.r0r1 inspectionr2r4rrKrrPrcobjectrrrAnonymizedFromClauseRolerrr6r7r8r DMLTableRolerrrrrrmrrarErLr^rirTrrrrk DMLSelectRoler InElementRolerr*rQr^ plugin_forrrr  MemoizedSlotsr7r HasCacheKeyHasCopyInternals TraversiblerrIrrr TextAsFromrr?r>r;rs& !0$&' #""(!!.&#'# "$$'%' $ $ I H  H<$%''<$~K K \5 &5 p0 &0 fQvQh%//%D;;."&$">!% #!64K K5  zK K\  V  .X!X!vG&E   2G&TeueP0 0fR$Rj`F  OO `FF@ U  @ F F !F R,(>:,(^o%$$iod;=;|@Z@F_(     _(D J*njJ*Z25f25jr6 rj$56,7__&6_D }:&}:@H-I&$$$lI&.I&X &2'/J779M9M'/Tm m`5kC5&& HkC\s_slh(Jh(V 42)2r>